Setting Properties along Bone Cement Preparation and its Effect on Material Properties

Sumarno Sumarno, P. N. Trisanti, B. Airlangga, Ni'Matul Waladiya Kurniasari, Rizky Azizah Hidayat, Akhda Choirun Nisa, K. D. Hernugrahanto, Mahyudin Ferdiansyah
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Abstract

Bone cement is a material used in many orthopedic surgeries. Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) is one of the acrylic-based bone cement materials. PMMA will be mixed with an activator (N, N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT)), initiator (Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)), radiopacifier / filler (BaSO4), and Methyl Methacrylate monomer. Once the materials were mixed, the activator react with the initiator to form radicals and activate the bulk polymerization reaction between the MMA monomer and PMMA molecules. The bulk polymerization reaction occurs exothermically and increases the bulk temperature. Barium sulfate (BaSO4) is an inorganic compound that can be acted as both radiopacifier and filler in bone cement. The specific objective of this study was to describe the effect of BaSO4 in bone cement composite formation. The solid material; PMMA, BPO, and BaSO4 were mixed firstly. The liquid portions; N, N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT), and MMA were mixed and then poured into the solids one in a stainless-steel bowl. The bulk temperature was recorded after a one-minute mixing process. The samples were characterized by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The highest setting temperature and setting time were 107.3°C and 10.6 min which was obtained in BaSO4 content variables of 7% and 11%, respectively. The average molecular weight of the samples was 561.5-1,332.0 kDa. From the DSC result, the glass temperature of the samples was 119.17-119.87°C.
骨水泥制备过程中的固化特性及其对材料特性的影响
骨水泥是一种用于许多骨科手术的材料。聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)是丙烯酸类骨水泥材料之一。PMMA 将与活化剂(N, N-二甲基对甲苯胺 (DMPT))、引发剂(过氧化苯甲酰 (BPO))、放射增效剂/填充剂(BaSO4)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体混合。材料混合后,活化剂与引发剂反应形成自由基,并激活甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体与 PMMA 分子之间的体聚合反应。体聚合反应以放热方式进行,并使体温度升高。硫酸钡(BaSO4)是一种无机化合物,在骨水泥中既可用作放射增效剂,也可用作填充剂。本研究的具体目标是描述硫酸钡在骨水泥复合材料形成中的作用。首先将固体材料 PMMA、BPO 和 BaSO4 混合。将 N,N-二甲基对甲苯胺(DMPT)和 MMA 等液体部分混合,然后倒入不锈钢碗中的固体部分。混合一分钟后记录体积温度。采用凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对样品进行表征。最高凝固温度和凝固时间分别为 107.3°C 和 10.6 分钟,这是在 BaSO4 含量分别为 7% 和 11% 的情况下获得的。样品的平均分子量为 561.5-1,332.0 kDa。根据 DSC 结果,样品的玻璃化温度为 119.17-119.87°C。
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