Evaluation of the Mechanical Performance of Concrete Reinforced with PET Fibers: A Sustainable Approach

D. F. dos Santos, Anna Cecília Moraes Martuchelli
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Abstract

Most of the bottles manufactured with PET polymer (polyethylene terephthalate) are used in beverage packaging and, after use, are turned into garbage, causing environmental problems. The concept of recycling and reuse of these materials for use in civil construction can become an interesting solution for the reduction of urban solid waste that would be destined to the formation of large volumes in sanitary landfills. Seeking to minimize this problem, this work used discarded PET bottles, ground into fibers, to prepare a concrete-based composite. The behavior of concrete composites with the addition of PET fibers in different compositions 7.5 kg/m³, 10 kg/m³ and 12.5 kg/m³ was evaluated. The choice of these concentrations aimed to study the addition of a reasonable amount of PET, characterizing greater reuse of a recycled material, seeking to provide a reinforcement effect in the cementitious matrix. The samples were subjected to mechanical tests of axial compression and diametral compression in a duly calibrated hydraulic press. For the axial compression test, the composite with 10 kg/m³ showed better mechanical performance. Probably at this content, the fibers were better distributed in the concrete for axial compression, resisting more to the fracture point, surpassing the composite of 12.5 kg/m³ by 24% in resistance to compression. For the axial compression test, the composite with 10 kg/m³ showed better mechanical performance, because in this composition there was an ideal amount for the homogenization of the PET fibers in the concrete, achieving a greater reinforcement effect. For the permeability test, the composites prepared with higher percentages of PET showed a lower percentage of permeability (44% lower than the content of 7.5 kg/m³), absorbing less water in this composition, in an axial position. This can be attributed to the fact that the distributed PET fibers act as an impermeable barrier, offering greater resistance to water absorption in the material.
评估 PET 纤维增强混凝土的机械性能:可持续方法
用 PET 聚合物(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)制造的瓶子大多用于饮料包装,使用后变成垃圾,造成环境问题。在民用建筑中回收和再利用这些材料的概念,可以成为减少城市固体废物的一个有趣的解决方案,因为这些固体废物会在卫生填埋场形成大量的垃圾。为了尽量减少这一问题,这项研究利用废弃的 PET 瓶磨成纤维,制备混凝土基复合材料。在 7.5 千克/立方米、10 千克/立方米和 12.5 千克/立方米的不同成分中添加 PET 纤维,对混凝土复合材料的性能进行了评估。选择这些浓度的目的是研究如何添加合理数量的 PET 纤维,使回收材料得到更大程度的再利用,从而在水泥基质中起到加固作用。样品在经过适当校准的液压机中进行了轴向压缩和径向压缩的机械测试。在轴向压缩试验中,10 千克/立方米的复合材料显示出更好的机械性能。可能是在这个含量下,纤维在混凝土中的轴向压缩分布更好,更能抵抗断裂点,抗压性能比 12.5 kg/m³ 的复合材料高出 24%。在轴向压缩试验中,10 千克/立方米的复合材料显示出更好的机械性能,因为在这种成分中,PET 纤维在混凝土中的均匀分布达到了理想的量,实现了更大的加固效果。在渗透性测试中,PET 含量较高的复合材料显示出较低的渗透性(比 7.5 kg/m³ 的含量低 44%),在这种成分中,轴向吸水较少。这可能是由于分布的 PET 纤维起到了防渗屏障的作用,为材料提供了更大的吸水阻力。
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