Influence of Physical and Chemical Activation of Coconut Shell Applied to Reduce Free Fatty Acids of Used Cooking Oil in Biodiesel Plant

F. Prasetya, Mikrimah Belva Areta, Ervan Arjani, Johan Prasetyo, Y. Kurniati
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Abstract

This research was conducted to compare the characteristics of activated carbon that synthesized via different methods, physical and chemical activation. It was applied to reduce Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in used cooking oil which will be used in the manufacture of biodiesel. Physical activation was carried out by heating dried coconut shell in a tube furnace at 900°C in N2 gas flowing, by varied the holding time; 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours. Meanwhile, chemical activation was conducted using phosphoric acid solution with various concentrations: 9%, 10%, and 11%. The BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) test was processed to determine the surface area of ​​the activated carbon. The FFA test was conducted to determine the FFA content in treated used cooking oil. The activated carbon with chemical activation has a surface area of ​​260.57 m2/gram, 323.55 m2/gram, and 162.21 m2/gram at concentrations of phosphoric acid 9%, 10%, and 11%, respectively. Meanwhile, for physical activation, the surface area were 278.58 m2/gram, 448.368 m2/gram, and 444.74 m2/gram with variations in heating holding time of 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours, respectively. The lowest levels of FFA are found in cooking oil with a phosphoric acid concentration of 11%, which is 1.505%. The higher the concentration of chemical activator, the greater the adsorption power of an activated carbon. The lowest levels of fatty acids are found in cooking oil with a holding time of 4 hours, which is 1.805%. FFA (Free Faty Acid) test results show that the longer the heating holding time, the better the activated carbon will be.
椰壳的物理和化学活化对生物柴油厂降低废食用油游离脂肪酸的影响
这项研究旨在比较通过不同方法(物理活化和化学活化)合成的活性炭的特性。活性炭被用于减少废食用油中的游离脂肪酸(FFA),而废食用油将被用于制造生物柴油。物理活化方法是将干燥的椰子壳放入管式炉中,在 900°C 的温度下,以 N2 气体为流动介质,通过不同的保温时间(2 小时、3 小时和 4 小时)进行加热。同时,使用不同浓度的磷酸溶液进行化学活化:9%、10% 和 11% 的磷酸溶液进行化学活化。通过 BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)测试来确定活性炭的表面积。FFA 测试用于确定处理过的废食用油中的 FFA 含量。在磷酸浓度为 9%、10% 和 11% 时,化学活化活性炭的表面积分别为 260.57 平方米/克、323.55 平方米/克和 162.21 平方米/克。同时,在物理活化方面,加热保温时间分别为 2 小时、3 小时和 4 小时时,表面积分别为 278.58 平方米/克、448.368 平方米/克和 444.74 平方米/克。脂肪酸含量最低的是磷酸浓度为 11% 的食用油,为 1.505%。化学活化剂的浓度越高,活性炭的吸附能力就越强。保温时间为 4 小时的食用油中脂肪酸含量最低,为 1.805%。FFA(游离脂肪酸)测试结果表明,加热保温时间越长,活性炭的效果越好。
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