Tensile, Flexural and Hardness Properties of Guava Leaves (Psidil guajava) Extract Modified Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Shell Powder-Polymethyl Methacrylate Base Denture Composites

Chidimma Sonia Obiekwe, K. N. Okeke, Samuel C. Uzoechi, A. Oladimeji
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Abstract

Denture wearing requires loss of teeth through trauma or natural phenomena. The activation of polymerization of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material by methylmethaacrylate (MMA) caused cytotoxic effect and biofilm formation at undercut hindered the mechanical properties and durability of denture. In this study, the effect of guava leaf extract modified coconut shell powder on mechanical properties of hybrid CSP-PMMA denture base composites was investigated. The coconut shell powder (CSP) was obtained from its extracted fiber after dried, grinded and sieved using 80 μm. Guava leaf extract was obtained using ethanolic method. PMMA composites were prepared at variable weight fraction of PMMA+CSP: GLE+MMA using rule of mixture in ratio. The flexural strength, tensile strength, hardness, and toughness properties of the composites at different levels were determined using Universal testing machine of AMETEK EZ 250 model and a shore scale D durometer in accordance with ASTM D – 2240, respectively. The modification of CSP-PMMA by GLE improved the tensile strength, toughness, elongation and hardness by 18.23, 10.52, 68.14 and 1.35 %. Hence the use of GLE in PMMA denture base composites not only enhanced the mechanical behaviours but protect the PMMA denture against biofilm formation. Keywords: Mechanical properties; Guava leave extract, PMMA; Coconut shell fillers.
番石榴叶(Psidil guajava)提取物改性椰子(Cocos nucifera)壳粉-甲基丙烯酸甲酯基底义齿复合材料的拉伸、挠曲和硬度特性
佩戴义齿需要牙齿因外伤或自然现象而脱落。聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)义齿基托材料被甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)活化聚合后会产生细胞毒性效应,并在切口下形成生物膜,从而影响义齿的机械性能和耐用性。本研究调查了番石榴叶提取物改性椰壳粉对 CSP-PMMA 混合义齿基托复合材料机械性能的影响。椰壳粉(CSP)是从椰壳纤维中提取出来的,经过干燥、研磨和 80 μm 筛分。番石榴叶提取物采用乙醇法提取。利用混合比例规则,以不同重量分数的 PMMA+CSP: GLE+MMA 制备 PMMA 复合材料。使用 AMETEK EZ 250 型万能试验机和符合 ASTM D - 2240 标准的邵氏硬度计,分别测定了不同级别复合材料的抗弯强度、抗拉强度、硬度和韧性。GLE 对 CSP-PMMA 进行改性后,拉伸强度、韧性、伸长率和硬度分别提高了 18.23%、10.52%、68.14% 和 1.35%。因此,在 PMMA 义齿基底复合材料中使用 GLE 不仅能提高机械性能,还能保护 PMMA 义齿免受生物膜的形成。关键词机械性能;番石榴叶提取物;PMMA;椰壳填料。
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