Home-stretch intervention efficacy and associated factors for neonates with simple metatarsus adductus deformity: A descriptive study in Vietnam

Abstract

Metatarsus adductus (MA) is a frequently occurring congenital foot deformity in neonates, characterized by inward curvature of the forefoot towards the body's midline. Its prevalence ranges globally from 0.1% to 12%, with low and middle-income countries showing higher rates. Early intervention is critical in correcting the foot deformity and preventing future complications. Treatment modalities include manual stretching, splints, casting, and corrective surgery. The Home-Stretch (HS) intervention is a simple home-based exercise therapy performed by parents. However, its efficacy remains a subject of debate with limited available research. This descriptive study aimed to assess the efficacy of the HS intervention and identify factors influencing its effectiveness. A total of 48 neonates with simple MA deformities were recruited, and the study found that HS intervention was fully efficacious in newborns with mild-to-moderate MA after a timeline of three months. No additional corrective casting was required. The percentage of recovery in the heel-bisector line (HBL) increased progressively over time. At the 3-month endpoint, the efficacy of HS was 100%. The study identified that the “Flexible feet” factor had a significant impact on HS intervention efficacy only in the first month compared to “Semi-flexible feet” with OR = 21.1 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the findings suggest that the Home-Stretch intervention performed by mothers is a feasible and cost-effective treatment for neonates with Metatarsus adductus with simple deformities. However, further research is necessary to establish the long-term effectiveness and applicability of the Home-Stretch intervention.