Phytoremediation with Sunflower (Helionthus annus) and Its Capacity for Cadmium Removal in Contaminated Soils

P. Ogungbile, A. Ajibare, A. Enochoghene, T. Ogunbode, O. Omotayo, Christiana Tinuola Ekanade, M. K. Sridhar, J. Akande
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Abstract

This study assessed the phytoremediation potential of sunflowers for removing cadmium from the soil around a paint manufacturing industry in Eleyele, Ibadan. Background levels of Cd in the topsoil and subsoil were determined. The site was divided into two plots. Organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF) was applied to the first plot, which served as the experimental plot, while the second plot was without OMF and served as the control. Concentrations of cadmium in the plants were determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Baseline mean Cd contents were 29.23 mg/kg and 33.30 mg/kg for topsoil and subsoil, respectively. Over the planting period, the sunflower plants removed 53.1% and 51.6% of Cd from the topsoil and subsoil in the test plot, while 40.65% and 47.80% were removed from the topsoil and subsoil, respectively, in the control. Cd absorption from the contaminated soils was found to be translocated to all parts of the sunflower. The concentrations of Cd in the sunflower parts were as follows: root system (10.70 mg/kg), shoot (8.17 mg/kg), leaves (6.43 mg/kg), and seeds (2.52 mg/kg) for the test plot. For the control plots, Cd in the root, shoot, leaves, and seeds were 7.60 mg/kg, 7.43 mg/kg, 4.75 mg/kg, and 2.03 mg/kg, respectively. The study confirmed that sunflowers have the potential to remediate Cd from contaminated soil, and this potential was enhanced by the application of OMF.
向日葵(Helionthus annus)的植物修复及其对受污染土壤中镉的去除能力
本研究评估了向日葵去除伊巴丹 Eleyele 涂料制造业周围土壤中镉的植物修复潜力。研究测定了表土和底土中的镉背景水平。该地点被分为两个地块。第一块地作为实验地,施用了有机矿物质肥料(OMF);第二块地没有施用有机矿物质肥料,作为对照。使用原子吸收分光光度计测定植物体内的镉浓度。表土和底土的镉含量基线平均值分别为 29.23 毫克/千克和 33.30 毫克/千克。在种植期间,向日葵植株从试验小区的表土和底土中清除了 53.1% 和 51.6% 的镉,而对照组表土和底土中的镉清除率分别为 40.65% 和 47.80%。研究发现,从污染土壤中吸收的镉会转移到向日葵的各个部位。向日葵各部位的镉浓度如下:试验地块的根系(10.70 毫克/千克)、嫩枝(8.17 毫克/千克)、叶片(6.43 毫克/千克)和种子(2.52 毫克/千克)。对照地块根系、嫩枝、叶片和种子中的镉含量分别为 7.60 毫克/千克、7.43 毫克/千克、4.75 毫克/千克和 2.03 毫克/千克。这项研究证实,向日葵具有修复受污染土壤中镉的潜力,而施用 OMF 则增强了这种潜力。
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