SICKLE CELL DISEASE AND COMPLICATIONS: AN IN-DEPTH NARRATIVE EXPLORATION

Abstract

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited genetic disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin, known as hemoglobin S. This alteration leads to the formation of sickle-shaped red blood cells, impeding their passage through blood vessels and causing blockages, ischemia, and pain. Additionally, individuals with SCD are more susceptible to infections and vascular complications. Acute pain crises are a common manifestation of SCD, triggered by blood vessel obstruction. These crises may necessitate immediate medical intervention to alleviate pain and prevent complications. Long-term complications include chronic organ damage, such as kidney failure, lung injuries, and cardiac disorders. COVID-19 has raised additional concerns, as SCD patients may face an elevated risk of severe complications. Hydroxyurea and blood transfusions are therapeutic strategies used to reduce pain crises and prevent complications. Ongoing research seeks more effective therapies and comprehensive management strategies to enhance the quality of life for those living with this genetic disorder.