AN AUTOPSY BASED TWO YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF HISTOPATHOLOGICAL LESIONS OF LUNGS

Abstract

Introduction: The lungs are affected by a wide range of infectious, inammatory, occupational, and neoplastic disorders. Thousands of individuals worldwide suffer from many of these avoidable and treatable pulmonary diseases. Additionally, the lungs play a secondary role in numerous fatal illnesses of the body. Despite advances in clinical, radiological, and other diagnostic modalities, including available invasive procedures, it is still not always possible to accurately diagnose underlying pathological processes. In these situations, autopsy-based histomorphological examination of the lungs serves as a useful tool for understanding pathophysiology and disease progression from the perspectives of pathologists and researchers. To study the various chang Aims and Objective: es in lungs,submitted for autopsy,involved in different pathological conditions and to understand their diagnostic, preventive, curative importance as well as application in research activity. This prospective study includ Material and Method: es a gross and histopathogical evaluation of 220 autopsied lungs (Pieces and occasionally Whole) that were received at the pathology department of RNT Medical College in Udaipur over a two-year period (January 22–December 23). A total of 202 specimens were investigated after 18 of the 220 lung specimens were autolyzed and removed from the study. After the specimens were xed in 10% formalin, they were processed according to protocol, parafn sectioning was done followed by Hematoxylene and Eosin (H and E) staining was applied, with the use of specic stains as needed. Data from police inquiries, autopsy reports, and received clinical histories have been correlated with our microscopic and gross results. 202 Results: lung specimens ranging in age from 0 to 75 years were examined in detail, both grossly and microscopically. Of them, 88 instances (43.56%) impacted the age group of 31 to 45 years, followed by 16 to 30 years. Compared to women (46,22.72%), men were signicantly more affected (156,77.22%). According to chronological sequence, the most frequent lesions were congestion and pulmonary edema (47.52%), followed by pneumonia (14.35%), emphysema (8.41%), tuberculosis (6.93%) and Congestion, pulmonary edema including intra-alveolar hemorrhages (5.44%) seen. In addition, cases of numerous other diseases, such as ARDS, chronic bronchitis, lung abscess, aspiration pneumonitis, and pulmonary thromboembolism, are found upon gross and microscopic examination. Additionally, there are two cases of primary malignancy, one each of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, and one case of metastatis in varying proportions. Despite excessive attempts, we were unable to identify any pathology in 15 tissues (7.42%). The results of this study show that, des Conclusions: pite major advancements in current diagnostic pathology, infectious and inammatory lesions remain the most frequently encountered entities and cause a considerable amount of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the importance of autopsies has not diminished; they are still crucial for learning and evaluating the disease processes as well as a supplemental tool for identifying and evaluating respiratory disorders.