The use of adsorption technology in the removal of dyes and heavy metals from aqueous solution by agricultural wastes

Abstract

The removal of dyes and heavy metals from wastewater has been a source of concern, both in terms of appearance and health. The removal of dyes and heavy metals from textile ef fl uents on a continuous industrial scale has received a lot of attention in recent years. Various plant-derived wastes are often suggested for the treatment of heavy metals and dyes; these pollutants are sustainable due to their natural abundance, ef fi cacy, and low cost. Adsorption process has emerged as the most widely used and successful method for water and wastewater treatment. The present study ' s focus, however, is on popularizing sustainable solutions for pollution remediation and developing a variety of solid waste-based ad-sorbents that enhance the effectiveness of the adsorptive separation process. As a result, a wealth of published data regarding the use of unprocessed agricultural biomass-based substitutes as ef fi cient adsorbents for aqueous-phase heavy metal ion removal in batch adsorption experiments is available. In this study, different agricultural waste materials are assessed as low-cost adsorbents for the removal of dyes and heavy metals from wastewater. The review also discusses some of the fundamental principles of dye adsorption on adsorbents. This review primarily focus on evaluating plant-derived adsorbents and their modi fi cations, particularly for heavy metal and dye adsorption. Overall, the mechanism of adsorption and the suitability of the current methods are discussed, and their future potential is explored. Also, this review shows that many studies are required to explore the wide-ranging laboratory, industrial, and environmental applications of agricultural wastes as adsorbents.