Attitude towards entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions among generation Z: unleashing the roles of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and social norms in Pakistani context

IF 1.5 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI:10.1108/jepp-07-2023-0065

Hina Munir, Shazia Nauman, Farough Ali Shah, Umair Zahid

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

PurposeDrawing on social cognitive career theory (SCCT), this study aims to examine how university students’ attitude towards entrepreneurship education (ATEE) consists of affective, cognitive and behavioral components influences their entrepreneurial intentions. It further examines the role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) as a mediator and social norms as a moderator in the ATEE – entrepreneurial intentions and – ESE relationships, respectively.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 428 university students from the new generational cohort entering workforce now (i.e. generation Z) from the four main cities of the province of Punjab, Pakistan, were considered using an online administered questionnaire. The study analyzes data using SPSS v25 and AMOS v22 and presents descriptive statistics, reliability, validity analysis and linear regression analysis. Furthermore, to test mediation and moderation hypotheses, Hayes’ PROCESS macro v3.0 was used.FindingsThe results confirm that individuals’ ATEE based on affective, cognitive and behavioral components have significant influence on entrepreneurial intentions. The findings also confirm the strong mediating role of ESE between the components of ATEE and entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, the conditional effects results confirm that social norms strengthened the positive relationships between the affective, behavioral and cognitive components of ATEE – ESE at three levels (low, medium and high).Originality/valueThis study is the first of its nature to unlock the missing link between ATEE’s components and entrepreneurial intentions using the theoretical foundations of SCCT. Furthermore, this study provides theoretical and practical implications specifically considering a developing country – Pakistan.

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Z 世代对创业教育的态度和创业意向：在巴基斯坦释放创业自我效能和社会规范的作用

目的本研究以社会认知职业理论（SCCT）为基础，探讨大学生的创业教育态度（ATEE）包括情感、认知和行为三个部分，它们如何影响大学生的创业意向。本研究还进一步探讨了创业自我效能感 (ESE) 作为中介和社会规范作为调节器分别在 ATEE - 创业意向和 - ESE 关系中的作用。设计/方法/途径本研究采用在线问卷调查的方式，对来自巴基斯坦旁遮普省四个主要城市的 428 名大学生进行了抽样调查，这些大学生都是即将进入职场的新生代（即 Z 世代）。研究使用 SPSS v25 和 AMOS v22 对数据进行了分析，并提供了描述性统计、可靠性、有效性分析和线性回归分析。此外，为了检验中介假设和调节假设，研究还使用了 Hayes 的 PROCESS 宏 v3.0。研究结果还证实，ESE 在 ATEE 各部分与创业意向之间具有很强的中介作用。此外，条件效应结果证实，社会规范在三个水平（低、中、高）上加强了 ATEE 的情感、行为和认知成分与 ESE 之间的正相关关系。此外，本研究还特别针对发展中国家--巴基斯坦--提供了理论和实践意义。

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来源期刊

Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy ECONOMICS-

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

15.80%

发文量

期刊介绍： Institutions – especially public policies – are a significant determinant of economic outcomes; entrepreneurship and enterprise development are often the channel by which public policies affect economic outcomes, and by which outcomes feed back to the policy process. The Journal of Entrepreneurship & Public Policy (JEPP) was created to encourage and disseminate quality research about these vital relationships. The ultimate aim is to improve the quality of the political discourse about entrepreneurship and development policies. JEPP publishes two issues per year and welcomes: Empirically oriented academic papers and accepts a wide variety of empirical evidence. Generally, the journal considers any analysis based on real-world circumstances and conditions that can change behaviour, legislation, or outcomes, Conceptual or theoretical papers that indicate a direction for future research, or otherwise advance the field of study, A limited number of carefully and accurately executed replication studies, Book reviews. In general, JEPP seeks high-quality articles that say something interesting about the relationships among public policy and entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship and economic development, or all three areas. Scope/Coverage: Entrepreneurship, Public policy, Public policies and behaviour of economic agents, Interjurisdictional differentials and their effects, Law and entrepreneurship, New firms; startups, Microeconomic analyses of economic development, Development planning and policy, Innovation and invention: processes and incentives, Regional economic activity: growth, development, and changes, Regional development policy.