A Study on the Attitude, Abuse and Addiction to Tramadol among Sudanese University Students in Khartoum State, Sudan

International neuropsychiatric disease journal Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI:10.9734/indj/2024/v21i2422

Mohamed I.A. Ismail, Mohammed O.J. Almardi, Mohammed M.A. Jabir, S. Brair, I. A. Bashir, Moneer A. Abdalla, Almoeiz Y. Hammad

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Abstract

Aim: This research was designed to study addiction to the drug Tramadol among university students in Khartoum State. Introduction: Tramadol is an atypical opioid that binds to μ-opioid receptors on neurons. It has a bioavailability of 70% and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. In most countries, it is a prescription-only medicine. Tramadol abuse has increased recently in the last few years between private universities in Khartoum state, Sudan. Common adverse effects of opioids are nausea, vomiting, relaxation, itching, mental confusion, delirium, urinary retention, sweating. Methodology: A study was conducted on 176 university students in Khartoum from August to September 2018. Ethical approval was obtained from sudan international university research commette and permission from each academic institution. A questionnaire sheet was developed to collect data related to drug abuse among students, including Sociodemographic data and knowledge about drug use without prescription. The collected data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA - IBM - Statistical Package for the Social Science version 16 programs-2008. Results: A study of 176 university students found that most were male (79.5%) and female (20.5%), with an age range of 21-25. Most were medical students, with a minority in engineering, literacy, and computing fields. Most were aware of tramadol analgesic "pain killer" effect, but only 53.7% knew its hallucinogenic effect. Most abusers used tramadol for less than a year, with most starting in university life. Most abusers consumed various doses, with most consuming daily. Adverse effects of tramadol included physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, and attempts at quitting. Reasons for failure to quit were mainly compliance. Conclusion: Tramadol abuse is prevalent among medical students in Sudan. Reasons for initiation include elation desire, avoidance of life conflicts, and curiosity.

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关于苏丹喀土穆州苏丹大学生对曲马多的态度、滥用和成瘾情况的研究

目的：本研究旨在调查喀土穆州大学生服用曲马多成瘾的情况。研究简介曲马多是一种非典型阿片类药物，可与神经元上的μ-阿片受体结合。它的生物利用度为 70%，并在肝脏中进行广泛的首过代谢。在大多数国家，曲马多属于处方药。最近几年，曲马多在苏丹喀土穆州私立大学中的滥用有所增加。阿片类药物常见的不良反应有恶心、呕吐、弛缓、瘙痒、精神错乱、谵妄、尿潴留、出汗。研究方法：2018年8月至9月，对喀土穆的176名大学生进行了研究。研究获得了苏丹国际大学研究委员会的伦理批准和各学术机构的许可。为收集学生中与药物滥用相关的数据，包括社会人口学数据和对无处方用药的认识，编制了一份问卷表。收集到的数据使用方差分析--IBM--社会科学统计软件包第 16 版--2008 程序进行统计分析。结果：对 176 名大学生进行的研究发现，大多数学生为男性（79.5%）和女性（20.5%），年龄在 21-25 岁之间。大多数是医科学生，少数是工程、扫盲和计算机专业的学生。大多数人知道曲马多镇痛的 "止痛药 "作用，但只有53.7%的人知道它的致幻作用。大多数滥用者使用曲马多的时间不超过一年，其中大多数是从大学生活开始的。大多数滥用者服用不同剂量的曲马多，其中大多数人每天服用。曲马多的不良反应包括身体症状、心理症状和戒毒尝试。戒毒失败的原因主要是顺从性。结论滥用曲马多在苏丹医学生中很普遍。开始滥用的原因包括兴奋欲望、避免生活冲突和好奇心。

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International neuropsychiatric disease journal

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