Impact Resistance Enhancement of GLARE Composite Laminates Reinforced with Shape Memory Alloy Wires

Materials Science Forum Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI:10.4028/p-9wdbiu

Yudha Arya Sumbaga, Rahmat Saptono

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Abstract

This study investigates the impact resistance of Glass Laminate Aluminum Reinforced Epoxy (GLARE) composite laminates by incorporating shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. The influence of varying percentages of pre-strain (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) on the SMA wires embedded in the GLARE composites was examined. Laminate composites were made by hand lay-up method using 1100 series aluminum, glass laminate, epoxy resin, and nitinol wire. Impact testing was carried out using the Charpy (un-notched) method. The results demonstrate that the presence of SMA wires significantly enhances the impact resistance of the laminates. The energy absorption capacity of the laminates was found to increase with increasing pre-strain percentage. The highest impact resistance was observed in the specimens with 3% pre-strain, which exhibited a 35.2% increase in energy absorption compared to the specimens without SMA wires. However, a further increase in pre-strain to 5% resulted in a 21.5% decrease in energy absorption due to the higher fraction of stress-induced martensite, limiting the shape memory effect. Additionally, the damage analysis revealed that the absence of SMA wires led to severe debonding and delamination in the GLARE laminates. Conversely, specimens with 3% pre-strain exhibited the least damage, with limited debonding observed only in the front interface of the aluminum and epoxy-laminated fiberglass layers. The higher damage resistance of these specimens is attributed to their optimal energy absorption capability. Based on the findings, it is recommended to further investigate alternative shape memory alloy materials to determine their impact resistance enhancement potential compared to the current SMA wires. Additionally, conducting experiments with pre-strain percentages in the range of 3-5% would provide a better understanding of the maximum achievable performance. Furthermore, microscale observations should be conducted to gain more detailed insights into the damage mechanisms of the tested specimens.

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用形状记忆合金丝增强 GLARE 复合材料层压板的抗冲击性能

本研究探讨了玻璃层压铝增强环氧树脂（GLARE）复合材料层压板中加入形状记忆合金（SMA）丝后的抗冲击性能。研究了不同比例的预应变（0%、1%、3% 和 5%）对嵌入 GLARE 复合材料中的 SMA 线的影响。层压复合材料是用 1100 系列铝、玻璃层压板、环氧树脂和镍钛诺丝通过手糊法制成的。冲击测试采用夏比（无缺口）法进行。结果表明，SMA 线的存在大大增强了层压板的抗冲击能力。层压板的能量吸收能力随着预应变百分比的增加而增加。预应变为 3% 的试样抗冲击能力最强，与不含 SMA 线的试样相比，能量吸收能力提高了 35.2%。然而，预应变进一步增加到 5%后，由于应力诱导马氏体的比例增加，限制了形状记忆效应，能量吸收降低了 21.5%。此外，损伤分析表明，没有 SMA 线会导致 GLARE 层压板严重脱粘和分层。相反，预应变为 3% 的试样损伤最小，仅在铝层和环氧树脂层玻璃纤维层的前端界面观察到有限的脱粘现象。这些试样具有较高的抗破坏性，这是因为它们具有最佳的能量吸收能力。根据研究结果，建议进一步研究替代的形状记忆合金材料，以确定与当前的 SMA 金属丝相比，它们的抗冲击增强潜力。此外，在预应变百分比为 3-5% 的范围内进行实验将有助于更好地了解可实现的最大性能。此外，还应进行微观观察，以便更详细地了解测试试样的损坏机制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Materials Science Forum

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