Intensify Biodegradation Process of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Waste Generated from 3D Printing Activities

Abstract

Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, is a key technology driving Industry 4.0. via the formation of three-dimensional objects from a computer-aided design model which can be done through layer-by-layer technique. Polylactic acid (PLA) ranks as one of the most favored materials as a 3D printing filament. Despite its unique properties, PLA took about 12 weeks to biodegrade which is slow degradation leads to an increased rate of plastic pollution in the environment. The aim of this study was to provide an alternative method for bioplastic waste management through biodegradation process using potting mix soil at different incubation temperatures and times. The PLA was designed in coupon shapes and eventually, 3D printed, respectively. Consequently, potting mix soil was prepared in a container and coupon, as all PLA samples were then planted 7 cm from the soil surface. Eventually, PLA samples were subjected to biodegradation process in the soil at 25 °C and 50 °C. Subsequently, each sample was drawn from the soil at different incubation times up to 65 days. The results show that prolong incubation time has resulted in PLA coupon losing weight up to 10.4% and 1.4% for the incubation time of 25 °C and 50 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the physical structure has deteriorated to powder form and the fragility decreases proportionally as prolonged incubation time. Functional groups analysis showed the functional groups altered after the biodegradation process of PLA and soil. Ergo, this method can be utilized for the community to execute self-degradation of their PLA waste generated even at their own facility.