{"title":"Investigating delay of the media access control protocols for IoT-RoF using quantum entanglement","authors":"Shakir Salman Ahmad, Hamed Al-Raweshidy, Rajagopal Nilavalan","doi":"10.1049/ntw2.12117","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the significant challenges of the Radio over fibre (RoF) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is the propagation delay. This delay can lead to serious issues, such as higher propagation delay resulting in collisions and unnecessary retransmissions. Quantum entanglement is an excellent candidate to overcome the propagation delay of the RoF MAC protocol. A new quantum MAC protocol is proposed, named the Quantum Entanglement-based MAC protocol (QE-MAC), in which Quantum Teleportation is utilised to address the propagation delay. Four entanglement states are employed to represent the control packets of the classical MAC protocol, and data is transmitted over the classical channel. Instead of using control packets such as acknowledgement, request to send, and Clear to send, state transitions are employed. This approach avoids the delay and collision issues associated with control packets, resulting in a significant improvement in network performance. The delay, duty cycle (DC), and power consumption of the proposed QE-MAC protocol are formulated and derived. The protocol is evaluated in terms of delay, DC, and power consumption, demonstrating superior performance compared to the classical RoF MAC protocol. In comparison to published works, our proposed approach has successfully reduced both delay and power consumption by 35%.</p>","PeriodicalId":46240,"journal":{"name":"IET Networks","volume":"13 4","pages":"324-337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ntw2.12117","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IET Networks","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/ntw2.12117","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
One of the significant challenges of the Radio over fibre (RoF) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is the propagation delay. This delay can lead to serious issues, such as higher propagation delay resulting in collisions and unnecessary retransmissions. Quantum entanglement is an excellent candidate to overcome the propagation delay of the RoF MAC protocol. A new quantum MAC protocol is proposed, named the Quantum Entanglement-based MAC protocol (QE-MAC), in which Quantum Teleportation is utilised to address the propagation delay. Four entanglement states are employed to represent the control packets of the classical MAC protocol, and data is transmitted over the classical channel. Instead of using control packets such as acknowledgement, request to send, and Clear to send, state transitions are employed. This approach avoids the delay and collision issues associated with control packets, resulting in a significant improvement in network performance. The delay, duty cycle (DC), and power consumption of the proposed QE-MAC protocol are formulated and derived. The protocol is evaluated in terms of delay, DC, and power consumption, demonstrating superior performance compared to the classical RoF MAC protocol. In comparison to published works, our proposed approach has successfully reduced both delay and power consumption by 35%.
光纤无线(RoF)介质访问控制(MAC)协议面临的重大挑战之一是传播延迟。这种延迟会导致严重的问题,如较高的传播延迟会导致碰撞和不必要的重传。量子纠缠是克服 RoF MAC 协议传播延迟的最佳候选方案。本文提出了一种新的量子 MAC 协议,命名为基于量子纠缠的 MAC 协议(QE-MAC),其中利用量子远距离传输来解决传播延迟问题。该协议采用四种纠缠状态来表示经典 MAC 协议的控制数据包,并通过经典信道传输数据。不使用确认、请求发送和清除发送等控制数据包,而是使用状态转换。这种方法避免了与控制数据包相关的延迟和碰撞问题,从而显著提高了网络性能。对拟议 QE-MAC 协议的延迟、占空比(DC)和功耗进行了表述和推导。根据延迟、占空比和功耗对该协议进行了评估,结果表明该协议的性能优于经典的 RoF MAC 协议。与已发表的作品相比,我们提出的方法成功地将延迟和功耗降低了 35%。
IET NetworksCOMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS-
CiteScore
5.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
41
审稿时长
33 weeks
期刊介绍:
IET Networks covers the fundamental developments and advancing methodologies to achieve higher performance, optimized and dependable future networks. IET Networks is particularly interested in new ideas and superior solutions to the known and arising technological development bottlenecks at all levels of networking such as topologies, protocols, routing, relaying and resource-allocation for more efficient and more reliable provision of network services. Topics include, but are not limited to: Network Architecture, Design and Planning, Network Protocol, Software, Analysis, Simulation and Experiment, Network Technologies, Applications and Services, Network Security, Operation and Management.