Drivers of Rural Non-farm Sector Employment in India, 1983–2019

South Asia Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI:10.1177/13915614231221649

Dr Shiba Shankar Pattayat, J. Parida

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Abstract

Using the national-level employment and unemployment surveys (NSS and PLFS) and the macro-level data for the period 2005–2019, this article explores the trends and recent growth patterns of rural non-farm sector employment in India. It also examines the micro-level factors determining individuals’ preference towards non-farm sector jobs and the macro-level factors responsible for the growth of non-farm sector employment in rural India. The main findings of the study suggest that although rural non-farm sector employment is rising in absolute terms, its growth rate has slackened in recent years. While the level of education and skill training, market wage rates and socio-cultural setups are among the key micro-level factors determining farm–non-farm employment choices of rural folks, at the macro-level, the growth of investment in capital goods, the number of factories, investment in infrastructure development and the growth of the manufacturing sector are crucial for the growth of non-farm sector jobs in India. Based on these findings, it is argued that the improvement of human capabilities through increased investment in education and skill, and the growth of non-farm sector employment through the development of rural infrastructure and industrialization measures, are necessary to sustain the structural transformation and to harness the demographic dividend in India. JEL Codes: J01, J21, J43, J64

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1983-2019 年印度农村非农部门就业的驱动因素

本文利用 2005-2019 年期间国家层面的就业和失业调查（NSS 和 PLFS）以及宏观层面的数据，探讨了印度农村非农部门就业的趋势和近期增长模式。文章还研究了决定个人对非农部门工作偏好的微观因素，以及导致印度农村非农部门就业增长的宏观因素。研究的主要结果表明，尽管农村非农部门就业的绝对值在上升，但近年来其增长速度有所放缓。虽然教育和技能培训水平、市场工资率和社会文化环境是决定农村居民农非农就业选择的关键微观因素，但在宏观层面，资本货物投资增长、工厂数量、基础设施建设投资和制造业增长对印度非农部门就业增长至关重要。基于这些发现，我们认为，通过增加对教育和技能的投资来提高人的能力，以及通过发展农村基础设施和工业化措施来增加非农部门的就业，对于维持印度的结构转型和利用人口红利是必要的。JEL Codes：J01、J21、J43、J64

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

South Asia Economic Journal Economics, Econometrics and Finance-Economics, Econometrics and Finance (all)

CiteScore

1.10

自引率

0.00%

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期刊介绍： The South Asian nations have progressively liberalized their economies in recent years in an effort to integrate with the world economy. They have also taken steps to enhance multilateral and regional economic integration. Even though the South Asian economies have grown at an average rate of more than 5 per cent over the last few years, roughly 40 per cent of their people still live below the poverty line. Hence, the South Asian region continues to face many challenges of economic and social development. The South Asia Economic Journal (SAEJ) is designed as a forum for informed debate on these issues, which are of vital importance to the people of the region who comprise one-sixth of the world’s population. The peer-reviewed journal is devoted to economic analysis and policy options aimed at promoting cooperation among the countries comprising South Asia. It also discusses South Asia’s position on global economic issues, its relations with other regional groupings and its response to global developments. We also welcome contributions to inter-disciplinary analysis on South Asia. As a refereed journal, SAEJ carries articles by scholars, economic commentators,policy-makers and officials, from both the private and public sectors. Our aim is to create a vibrant research space to explore the multidimensional economic issues of concern to scholars working on South Asia. Among the issues debated in relation to South Asia are: - the implications of global economic trends; - the issues and challenges by WTO; - approaches to industrialization and development; - the role of regional institutions such as the SAARC; - the relationship between SAARC and other regional economic groupings such as ASEAN; - the implications of economic liberalization for trade and investment in the region; - new initiatives that can be launched to enhance economic cooperation among the South Asian countries both on a bilateral and a regional basis.