Heterogenisation of riverine ichthyofauna diversity by small hydropower dams

IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES
Dandhara Rossi Carvalho, Francisco Gerson Araújo
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Dams modify river physical and chemical attributes. This disruption hampers fish migration, leading to the introduction of non-native species and losses of specialised native species. Small hydropower plants (SHPs) have been suggested for replacing large dams to minimise reservoir size and preserve natural flow regimes. We evaluated the influences of two SHPs on the ichthyofauna in a tropical river, comparing fish taxonomic and functional beta-diversity in three periods. Period-1 preceded SHP construction (Pre-2008), when the river was free-flowing. Period-2 was 1 year after completion of SHP construction (Post-2012). Period-3 was after 10 years of SHP operation (Current-2021). We calculated 10 functional ichthyofaunal attributes based on 12 quantitative morphometric measurements related to habitat use, feeding, and locomotion. The ichthyofaunal composition varied among the periods (p = .001) and seasons (p = .009), with the highest species richness in the Post period compared to the other two periods (p = .002). Abundance significantly decreased over time (p = .004). Taxonomic beta-diversity increased in the Post period remaining stable in the Current period. Functional beta-diversity did not change between the Pre and Post periods but significantly increased in the Current period. The turnover component had the greater influence on both taxonomic and functional beta-diversity, with no temporal changes observed in nestedness. The ichthyofauna appears to have undergone heterogenisation and restructuring. Changes include the emergence of more tolerant species (e.g., Hoplosternum littorale and Pimelodus maculatus), displacement of native and sensitive species (e.g., Pogonopoma parahybae and Steindachneridion parahybae), and colonisation by a non-native predator (Plagioscion squamosissimus). This indicates that small-scale projects such as SHPs harm fish populations by altering habitats and restructuring the ichthyofauna.

小水电大坝对河流鱼类多样性的异质性影响
大坝改变了河流的物理和化学属性。这种破坏阻碍了鱼类的洄游,导致非本地物种的引入和本地物种的损失。有人建议用小型水电站(SHPs)取代大型水坝,以最大限度地缩小水库规模并保护自然流态。我们评估了两个小型水电站对热带河流中鱼类的影响,比较了三个时期鱼类分类和功能的贝塔多样性。第一阶段发生在修建水下保护设施之前(2008 年之前),当时河流是自由流动的。时期-2 是 SHP 建设完成 1 年之后(2012 年之后)。时期-3为SHP运行10年之后(当前-2021年)。我们根据与栖息地利用、摄食和运动相关的 12 项定量形态测量,计算出 10 种鱼类功能属性。不同时期(p = .001)和不同季节(p = .009)的鱼类组成各不相同,与其他两个时期相比,"后 "时期的物种丰富度最高(p = .002)。物种丰富度随时间明显下降(p = .004)。后一时期分类学的贝塔多样性有所增加,当前时期保持稳定。功能贝塔多样性在前后两个时期没有变化,但在当前时期显著增加。更替成分对分类学和功能贝塔多样性的影响更大,而嵌套度则未观察到时间变化。鱼类似乎经历了异质化和结构调整。这些变化包括出现了耐受性更强的物种(例如,Hoplosternum littorale 和 Pimelodus maculatus),本地敏感物种(例如,Pogonopoma parahybae 和 Steindachneridion parahybae)被取代,以及非本地捕食者(Plagioscion squamosissimus)的定居。这表明,SHPs 等小规模项目会通过改变栖息地和鱼类区系结构来危害鱼类种群。
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来源期刊
Ecology of Freshwater Fish
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 农林科学-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
45
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Ecology of Freshwater Fish publishes original contributions on all aspects of fish ecology in freshwater environments, including lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and streams. Manuscripts involving ecologically-oriented studies of behavior, conservation, development, genetics, life history, physiology, and host-parasite interactions are welcomed. Studies involving population ecology and community ecology are also of interest, as are evolutionary approaches including studies of population biology, evolutionary ecology, behavioral ecology, and historical ecology. Papers addressing the life stages of anadromous and catadromous species in estuaries and inshore coastal zones are considered if they contribute to the general understanding of freshwater fish ecology. Theoretical and modeling studies are suitable if they generate testable hypotheses, as are those with implications for fisheries. Manuscripts presenting analyses of published data are considered if they produce novel conclusions or syntheses. The journal publishes articles, fresh perspectives, and reviews and, occasionally, the proceedings of conferences and symposia.
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