Airport Microgrid and Its Incorporated Operations

Aerospace Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI:10.3390/aerospace11030192

Chang-Ming Liaw, C. Yang, Ping-Hong Jhou

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Abstract

This paper presents the development of an airport bipolar DC microgrid and its interconnected operations with the utility grid, electric vehicle (EV), and more electric aircraft (MEA). The microgrid DC-bus voltage is established by the main sources, photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC), via unidirectional three-level (3L) boost converters. The proposed one-cycle control (OCC)-based current control scheme and quantitative and robust voltage control scheme are proposed to yield satisfactory responses. Moreover, the PV maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with FC energy-supporting approach is developed to have improved renewable energy extraction characteristics. The equipped hybrid energy storage system (HESS) consists of an energy-type battery and a power-type flywheel; each device is interfaced to the common DC bus via its own 3L bidirectional interface converter. The energy-coordinated operation is achieved by the proposed droop control. A dump load leg is added to avoid overvoltage due to an energy surplus. The grid-connected energy complementary operation is conducted using a neutral point clamped (NPC) 3L three-phase inverter. In addition to the energy support from grid-to-microgrid (G2M), the reverse mcrogrid-to-grid (M2G) operation is also conductible. Moreover, microgrid-to-vehicle (M2V) and vehicle-to-microgrid (V2M) bidirectional operations can also be applicable. The droop control is also applied to perform these interconnected operations. For the grounded aircraft, bidirectional microgrid-to-aircraft (M2A)/aircraft-to-microgrid (A2M) operations can be performed. The aircraft ground power unit (GPU) function can be preserved by the developed microgrid. The MEA on-board facilities can be powered by the microgrid, including the 115 V/400 Hz AC bus, the 270 V DC bus, the switched-reluctance motor (SRM) drive, etc.

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机场微电网及其合并运营

本文介绍了机场双极直流微电网的开发及其与公用电网、电动汽车（EV）和更多电动飞机（MEA）的互联运行。微电网的直流母线电压由光伏（PV）和燃料电池（FC）这两种主要能源通过单向三电平（3L）升压转换器产生。提出了基于单周期控制（OCC）的电流控制方案和定量、稳健的电压控制方案，以获得令人满意的响应。此外，还开发了采用 FC 能量支持方法的光伏最大功率点跟踪 (MPPT)，以改善可再生能源提取特性。配备的混合储能系统（HESS）由能量型电池和功率型飞轮组成；每个设备通过各自的 3L 双向接口转换器与公共直流母线连接。能量协调运行是通过建议的下垂控制来实现的。为避免因能量过剩而产生过电压，还增加了一个倾卸负载脚。并网能量互补运行采用中性点箝位（NPC）3L 三相逆变器。除了电网到微电网（G2M）的能源支持外，还可进行反向微电网到电网（M2G）操作。此外，微电网到车辆（M2V）和车辆到微电网（V2M）的双向操作也可适用。下垂控制也可用于执行这些互联操作。对于接地飞机，可执行微电网对飞机（M2A）/飞机对微电网（A2M）双向操作。开发的微电网可保留飞机地面动力装置（GPU）的功能。微电网可为 MEA 机载设施供电，包括 115 V/400 Hz 交流总线、270 V 直流总线、开关磁阻电机（SRM）驱动器等。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Aerospace

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