Assessing risks and adverse effects of naphazoline hydrochloride: a literature review (2013-2023)

Abstract

This study examines the risks and harms associated with the use of naphazoline hydrochloride (NHC). The methodology involved a narrative literature review from 2013 to 2023 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, which identified eleven relevant articles from Scielo, Medline Complete, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The guiding question was: What are the risks and potential adverse effects associated with the use of NHC? Results and Discussion:  Pharmacists play a crucial role in educating against misuse and promoting responsible medication use. However, challenges arise due to the prevalence of self-medication and limited pharmacist involvement in prescribing. The Role of Pharmacists: Harms of Misuse: Key concerns identified include systemic effects, drug-induced rhinitis, and dependence. Overuse of NHC during pregnancy and in children can lead to serious consequences such as hypothermia, bradycardia, and nervous system depression. The abuse hazards of NHC include rebound effects, drug-induced rhinitis, and long-term health risks such as hypertension and heart problems. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the pressing need for enhanced pharmacist training to equip them to effectively counsel and prevent misuse. Additionally, increased public awareness campaigns should be implemented to promote responsible non-prescription healthcare (NHC) use. Stricter dispensing measures, such as regulations to restrict over-the-counter access, should also be put in place. It is essential to promote responsible NHC use. Pharmacists play a critical role in mitigating the risks associated with this widely used medication as public health educators and patient guides.