IoT-Based Disaster Response Robot for Victim Identification in Building Collapses

Abstract

Natural disasters like earthquakes frequently cause building collapses, trapping many victims under dense rubble. The first 72 hours are crucial for locating survivors, but the dangers of secondary collapse hinder direct access. Teleoperated robots can provide vital visual data to aid rescue efforts, though many prototypes remain constrained by high complexity, cost, and minimal customizability. This work investigates developing an Internet of Things (IoT) integrated disaster response robot that delivers accessible and remotely controllable capabilities for victim identification in hazardous collapse sites. Requirements analysis was conducted through a literature review and first responder interviews to determine the critical capabilities needed. The robot was designed using 3D modeling software and assembled using 3D printed and off-the-shelf components. It features remote-controllable movement, real-time video feed, geopositioning, and remote lighting toggling. Rigorous lab tests validated core functionalities, including camera image acquisition, Bluetooth communication ranges up to 10 meters, and comparable GPS coordinate accuracy to a smartphone. Further field experiments showcased the robot's ability to transmit smooth video signals over distances up to 12 meters and its adeptness at navigating complex terrains, evidenced by its proficient left/right panning and ability to surmount obstacles. An affordable Internet-of-Things integrated disaster robot tailored to victim identification was successfully designed, prototyped, and tested. This robot aids search and rescue operations by delivering visual and spatial data about hard-to-reach victims during the critical hours after disaster strikes. This confirms strong potential, accessibility, and customizability for professional and volunteer urban search and rescue teams across environments and economic constraints.