Olfactory training improves emotion matching ability in 6–9 years old children — preliminary evidence

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Sensory Studies Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI:10.1111/joss.12912

Michal Pieniak, Marta Rokosz, Zorana Ivcevic, Aleksandra Reichert, Barbara Żyżelewicz, Paulina Nawrocka, Izabela Lebuda, Anna Oleszkiewicz

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Abstract

Emotion knowledge involves the ability to recognize and express emotions and understand emotional processes. The neural substrates of emotion knowledge include i.a. the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. These structures are also involved in processing olfactory stimuli and their volume and functional activity have been shown to increase after a period of regular olfactory stimulation (olfactory training, OT). We verified if OT will improve one aspect of emotion knowledge — the ability to match emotional facial expressions. Eighty-three children (39 boys) aged 6–9 years were randomly assigned either to an OT group (OTG) that smelled a set of four odors (lemon, cloves, eucalyptus, rose) twice a day for 12 weeks or to a placebo group that performed the training with odorless stimuli. Children in the OTG (n = 40) matched emotional facial expressions significantly better after OT as compared with their baseline score. This effect was not present in the placebo group (n = 43) whose scores remained the same after OT.

Practical applications

This novel finding suggests the potential of olfactory stimulation in supporting emotion knowledge in children and bridges recent findings in sensory studies, psychophysiology, and emotional development. Further studies are necessary to delineate which aspects of emotion knowledge might be enhanced by OT. In future, OT might be potentially included in programs designed for groups with specific emotion knowledge deficits.

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嗅觉训练可提高 6-9 岁儿童的情绪匹配能力--初步证据

情绪知识包括识别和表达情绪以及理解情绪过程的能力。情绪知识的神经基底包括杏仁核、眶额皮层和前扣带回皮层。这些结构也参与了嗅觉刺激的处理，而且经过一段时间的定期嗅觉刺激（嗅觉训练，OT）后，它们的体积和功能活动都会增加。我们验证了嗅觉训练是否能提高情绪知识的一个方面--匹配情绪面部表情的能力。我们将 83 名 6-9 岁的儿童（39 名男孩）随机分配到嗅觉训练组（OTG）或安慰剂组，前者每天两次嗅闻四种气味（柠檬、丁香、桉树、玫瑰），为期 12 周；后者在无味刺激下进行训练。与基线得分相比，OTG 组（n = 40）的儿童在 OT 后与情绪面部表情的匹配度明显提高。而安慰剂组（n = 43）则没有这种效果，他们的得分在 OT 后保持不变。实际应用这一新颖的发现表明嗅觉刺激在支持儿童情绪知识方面具有潜力，并将感官研究、心理生理学和情绪发展方面的最新发现联系起来。有必要开展进一步的研究，以确定加时训练可增强情绪知识的哪些方面。将来，定向治疗可能会被纳入为有特定情绪知识缺陷的群体设计的计划中。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Sensory Studies 工程技术-食品科技

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

20.00%

发文量

审稿时长

18-36 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Sensory Studies publishes original research and review articles, as well as expository and tutorial papers focusing on observational and experimental studies that lead to development and application of sensory and consumer (including behavior) methods to products such as food and beverage, medical, agricultural, biological, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, or other materials; information such as marketing and consumer information; or improvement of services based on sensory methods. All papers should show some advancement of sensory science in terms of methods. The journal does NOT publish papers that focus primarily on the application of standard sensory techniques to experimental variations in products unless the authors can show a unique application of sensory in an unusual way or in a new product category where sensory methods usually have not been applied.