{"title":"Coronary Heart Disease in Women: Personality and Stress-Induced Biological Responses","authors":"Joel E. Dimsdale","doi":"10.1093/abm/15.2-3.119","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Studies of reactivity to stressors have generally focused only on men. Women may react to stressors with a different adrenergic and hormonal response, however one cannot be sure that this reflects biological differences or differences in task interpretation across the sexes. Men appear to respond to behavioral stressors with a greater increase in systolic blood pressure (BP). Hemodynamic reactivity (i.e. heart rate and BP) is probably not altered by phase of menstrual cycle. Hormonal and receptor responses to stressors may well be influenced by phase of menstrual cycle; the luteal phase of the cycle may be a time of greater adrenergic responsiveness. Type A behavior and various aspects of hostility have been studied extensively as possible coronary-prone behaviors in men. However, there are very few large-scale prospective studies of such variables in women. Depressed mood has also been recognized as a potential cardiovascular risk factor, although it has received less attention than either Type A or hostility. Studies on men have reported that depression is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk even decades later, suggesting that the depression is not merely a prodrome of underlying cardiac disease. Such studies have generally not been performed on women, despite the fact that women have twice the rate of depression as men.","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/15.2-3.119","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Studies of reactivity to stressors have generally focused only on men. Women may react to stressors with a different adrenergic and hormonal response, however one cannot be sure that this reflects biological differences or differences in task interpretation across the sexes. Men appear to respond to behavioral stressors with a greater increase in systolic blood pressure (BP). Hemodynamic reactivity (i.e. heart rate and BP) is probably not altered by phase of menstrual cycle. Hormonal and receptor responses to stressors may well be influenced by phase of menstrual cycle; the luteal phase of the cycle may be a time of greater adrenergic responsiveness. Type A behavior and various aspects of hostility have been studied extensively as possible coronary-prone behaviors in men. However, there are very few large-scale prospective studies of such variables in women. Depressed mood has also been recognized as a potential cardiovascular risk factor, although it has received less attention than either Type A or hostility. Studies on men have reported that depression is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk even decades later, suggesting that the depression is not merely a prodrome of underlying cardiac disease. Such studies have generally not been performed on women, despite the fact that women have twice the rate of depression as men.
对压力反应的研究通常只针对男性。女性可能会对压力源做出不同的肾上腺素能和荷尔蒙反应,但我们无法确定这是否反映了两性之间的生理差异或任务解读差异。男性对行为压力源的反应似乎是收缩压(BP)升高更多。血液动力学反应(即心率和血压)可能不会因月经周期的阶段而改变。荷尔蒙和受体对压力源的反应很可能受月经周期阶段的影响;月经周期的黄体期可能是肾上腺素能反应更强的时期。作为可能导致男性冠心病的行为,A 型行为和各方面的敌意已被广泛研究。然而,很少有针对女性此类变量的大规模前瞻性研究。抑郁情绪也被认为是一种潜在的心血管风险因素,尽管它受到的关注比 A 型行为或敌意行为都要少。对男性的研究报告显示,抑郁与心血管风险的升高有关,甚至在几十年后也是如此,这表明抑郁不仅仅是潜在心脏疾病的前兆。尽管女性患抑郁症的比例是男性的两倍,但此类研究一般不针对女性。
期刊介绍:
Annals of Behavioral Medicine aims to foster the exchange of knowledge derived from the disciplines involved in the field of behavioral medicine, and the integration of biological, psychosocial, and behavioral factors and principles as they relate to such areas as health promotion, disease prevention, risk factor modification, disease progression, adjustment and adaptation to physical disorders, and rehabilitation. To achieve these goals, much of the journal is devoted to the publication of original empirical articles including reports of randomized controlled trials, observational studies, or other basic and clinical investigations. Integrative reviews of the evidence for the application of behavioral interventions in health care will also be provided. .