Evaluate the spatial distribution of trace elements in soil of a karst terrain

IF 1.1 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOLOGY
George D. Bathrellos, Hariklia D. Skilodimou, Dimitra E. Gamvroula, Dimitrios E. Alexakis
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Abstract

Karst regions represent fragile landscapes that are particularly vulnerable to environmental changes. The study aims to assess the soil quality in the karst basin of Ioannina, which is located in the north-western region of Greece. Factor analysis was employed to evaluate the concentrations of trace elements in the soil. Additionally, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) was utilized to visualize the spatial distribution of these trace elements and their potential sources in relation to the local geology and land use. The study findings underscored that most of the karst landscape in the research area is comprised of Quaternary deposits and it is predominantly occupied by agricultural land. The soil displays substantial levels of clay and silt, with noticeably elevated concentration of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), and phosphorous (P) compared to the median concentrations observed in European topsoil. The factor analysis is applied to the dataset of elements content in soil to identify the factors controlling their distribution. Factor 1 involves the geological contribution and the adsorption of Fe–Ni–Cr–Pb–V and lithium (Li) into clay minerals. Factor 1 may be termed as “lithogenic factor”. The cultivated land and road network showed a significant correlation with the higher positive loadings of Fe, Mn, Pb and Cu for Factor 2 which may be termed “agricultural-road network factor”. Agricultural activities and cultivated land presented a significant correlation with the higher positive loadings of nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), organic matter (OM), ammonium (NH4+) and P for Factor 3 which may be termed as “agricultural” factor. The higher positive loadings of Factor 4 suggest a variation in the mechanical properties of the Quaternary deposits and may be termed as “soil texture factor”. Quaternary deposits and agricultural land exhibit a strong spatial relationship with factor scores of each factor. Combining factor analysis and GIS proved to be an effective method for identifying and confirming the sources of elements content in soil.

Abstract Image

评估喀斯特地貌土壤中微量元素的空间分布情况
岩溶地区地貌脆弱,特别容易受到环境变化的影响。本研究旨在评估位于希腊西北部地区的约阿尼纳岩溶盆地的土壤质量。研究采用因子分析法评估土壤中微量元素的浓度。此外,还利用地理信息系统(GIS)直观地显示了这些微量元素的空间分布及其与当地地质和土地利用相关的潜在来源。研究结果表明,研究地区的大部分岩溶地貌由第四纪沉积物组成,主要为农田。与在欧洲表土中观察到的中值浓度相比,这里的土壤含有大量粘土和淤泥,铁 (Fe)、锰 (Mn)、镍 (Ni)、铬 (Cr)、铅 (Pb)、铜 (Cu)、钒 (V) 和磷 (P) 的浓度明显偏高。因子分析适用于土壤中元素含量的数据集,以确定控制其分布的因子。因素 1 涉及地质作用以及粘土矿物对铁、镍、铬、铅、钒和锂(Li)的吸附作用。因素 1 可称为 "成岩因素"。耕地和道路网与因子 2 中较高的铁、锰、铅和铜正载荷有显著的相关性,该因子可称为 "农业-道路网因子"。农业活动和耕地与因子 3 中较高的硝酸盐(NO3-)、亚硝酸盐(NO2-)、有机物(OM)、铵(NH4+)和磷的正载荷有明显相关性,该因子可称为 "农业 "因子。因子 4 的正载荷较高,表明第四纪沉积物的机械特性存在差异,可称为 "土壤质地因子"。第四纪沉积物和农田与各因子的空间关系密切。事实证明,将因子分析与地理信息系统相结合是识别和确认土壤中元素含量来源的有效方法。
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来源期刊
Carbonates and Evaporites
Carbonates and Evaporites 地学-地质学
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
14.30%
发文量
70
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Established in 1979, the international journal Carbonates and Evaporites provides a forum for the exchange of concepts, research and applications on all aspects of carbonate and evaporite geology. This includes the origin and stratigraphy of carbonate and evaporite rocks and issues unique to these rock types: weathering phenomena, notably karst; engineering and environmental issues; mining and minerals extraction; and caves and permeability. The journal publishes current information in the form of original peer-reviewed articles, invited papers, and reports from meetings, editorials, and book and software reviews. The target audience includes professional geologists, hydrogeologists, engineers, geochemists, and other researchers, libraries, and educational centers.
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