The impact of moral injury on trajectories of depression: a five-year longitudinal study among recently discharged Israeli veterans.

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Anxiety Stress and Coping Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-26 DOI:10.1080/10615806.2024.2333374

Yossi Levi-Belz, Yoav Levinstein, Gadi Zerach

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Perpetrating or witnessing acts that violate one's moral code are frequent among military personnel and active combatants. These events, termed potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs), were found to be associated with an increased risk of depression, in cross-sectional studies. However, the longitudinal contribution of PMIEs to depression among combatants remains unclear.

Method: Participants were 374 active-duty combatants who participated in a longitudinal study with four measurement points: T1-one year before enlistment, T2-at discharge from army service, and then again 6- and 12-months following discharge (T3 and T4, respectively). At T1, personal characteristics assessed through semi-structured interviews. At T2-T4, PMIEs and depressive symptoms were assessed.

Results: At discharge (T2), a total of 48.7% of combatants reported experiencing PMIEs incident, compared with 42.4% at T3 and 30.7% at T4. We found a significant interaction effect in which combatants endorsing PMIEs at discharge reported higher severity of depression symptoms at discharge (T2) than combatants who reported no PMIEs. This effect decreased over time as depression levels were lower at T3 and T4.

Conclusions: PMIE experiences, and especially PMIE-Betrayal experiences, were found to be valid predictors of higher severity of depression symptoms after the first year following discharge.

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精神伤害对抑郁轨迹的影响：对新近退伍的以色列退伍军人进行的一项为期五年的纵向研究。

背景：在军人和现役战斗人员中，经常发生或目睹违反个人道德准则的行为。在横断面研究中，这些被称为潜在道德伤害事件（PMIEs）的事件被发现与抑郁风险的增加有关。然而，PMIEs 对战斗人员抑郁症的纵向影响仍不清楚：参与者为374名现役战斗人员，他们参加了一项纵向研究，共有四个测量点：T1为入伍前一年，T2为退伍时，然后分别在退伍后6个月和12个月再次测量（T3和T4）。在 T1，通过半结构化访谈评估个人特征。在 T2-T4 阶段，对 PMIE 和抑郁症状进行了评估：结果：在退伍时（T2），共有48.7%的战斗人员报告经历过PMIEs事件，而在T3和T4分别为42.4%和30.7%。我们发现了一个明显的交互效应，即在退伍时认可PMIEs的战斗人员在退伍时（T2）的抑郁症状严重程度高于未报告PMIEs的战斗人员。这种效应随着时间的推移而减弱，因为在T3和T4时抑郁水平较低：结论：研究发现，PMIE经历，尤其是PMIE-背叛经历，可有效预测退伍后第一年抑郁症状的严重程度。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Anxiety Stress and Coping Multiple-

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： This journal provides a forum for scientific, theoretically important, and clinically significant research reports and conceptual contributions. It deals with experimental and field studies on anxiety dimensions and stress and coping processes, but also with related topics such as the antecedents and consequences of stress and emotion. We also encourage submissions contributing to the understanding of the relationship between psychological and physiological processes, specific for stress and anxiety. Manuscripts should report novel findings that are of interest to an international readership. While the journal is open to a diversity of articles.