On the possibility of compensation for moral damage in case of violation of property rights: traditional views and innovations of practice

Aleksei Romanovich Kardava
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Abstract

The subject of the study is a set of approaches to the possibility of compensation for moral harm in case of violation of property rights and the approach presented in paragraph 4 of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 15 November 2022, No. 33 "On the practice of application by courts of the norms on compensation for moral harm". The author analyses the new approach, addressing the issue of its impact on judicial practice to determine the applicability of this approach. As a methodology, the author uses comparativistics of the approaches and practice of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts of the Russian Federation until 15 November 2022 and the approach presented in paragraph 4 of the above Resolution. The main conclusions of the study are that the new approach is recognised as revolutionary compared to those previously applied. The author concludes that the new approach, despite the contradiction with the rules based on the literal interpretation of the law, is a successful combination of all the main components of the institution in question, necessary for its correct application from the point of view of the meaning and purpose of compensation for moral harm. The new approach establishes an open list of cases in which compensation is possible, but at the same time introduces a certain criterion of applicability, in order to prevent the "emasculation" of this institution as a means of defence, since the procedure for assessing the existence and degree of moral harm is subjective. And the author analyses the impact of the new approach on judicial practice, noting that this approach is not fully understood and therefore accepted by the courts, as it does not coincide with the literal interpretation of paragraph 4 of the mentioned Ruling.
论侵犯财产权时精神损害赔偿的可能性:传统观点与实践创新
本研究的主题是侵犯财产权时精神损害赔偿可能性的一系列方法,以及俄罗斯联邦最高法院全体会议 2022 年 11 月 15 日第 33 号决议第 4 段 "关于法院适用精神损害赔偿规范的实践 "中提出的方法。作者分析了新方法,探讨了其对司法实践的影响问题,以确定该方法的适用性。作为研究方法,作者将 2022 年 11 月 15 日之前俄罗斯联邦最高法院和宪法法院的方法和实践与上述决议第 4 段中提出的方法进行了比较。研究的主要结论是,与之前采用的方法相比,新方法被认为是革命性的。作者得出结论认为,尽管新方法与基于法律字面解释的规则存在矛盾,但它成功地结合了有关制度的所 有主要组成部分,从精神损害赔偿的意义和目的的角度来看,是正确适用该制度所必需的。新方法确定了一个可以进行赔偿的开放式案例清单,但同时也引入了一定的适用性标准,以防止该制度作为一种辩护手段被 "阉割",因为对精神损害的存在和程度的评估程序是主观的。作者还分析了新方法对司法实践的影响,指出这种方法并没有得到法院的充分理解和接受,因为它与上述裁决第 4 段的字面解释并不一致。
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