A Numerical Study to Improve the Efficiency of Solar Collector used for water heating using Phase Change Material

Abstract

Solar water heaters are an effective technology for harnessing renewable solar energy to provide hot water for households and businesses. However, their efficiency can be impacted by factors like intermittent sunshine, heat losses, and low radiation intensity. The aim of this study is to increase the efficiency of solar water heaters through the use of phase change materials (PCMs). PCMs have the ability to store latent heat during phase change, releasing it later when needed. This study uses numerical simulations to analyze the effect of integrating different PCMs into a flat plate solar collector design. The findings could then be validated experimentally and applied to improve the real-world performance of solar water heating systems. The PCMs are placed inside the collector to absorb heat during the day and release it after sunset to continue heating the water. The research seeks to determine the optimal PCM properties, structure, and placement within the collector to maximize heat storage and transfer. The efficiency and performance of the solar collector system with different PCM configurations have been compared to those of a conventional collector without PCM. The outcomes uncover that the use of suitable PCMs can significantly improve the efficiency and heat output of the solar collector, especially during periods of low radiation and after sunset. The optimal PCM configuration maintains higher water temperatures for longer, allowing solar water heating to continue into the evening. The results may provide valuable insights for using PCMs to boost the efficiency of solar thermal technologies