Bioaccumulation of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons in the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus, Rathbun 1896) from Ogu Creek in Upper Bonny Estuary, Nigeria

Zoologist (The) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI:10.4314/tzool.v22i1.3

D. H. Ogbuagu, P. N. Abara, N. A. Chiegboka

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Abstract

Prolonged industrial and artisanal discharge of petroleum refinery effluents into the Ogu Creek at the Upper Bonny estuary of the Niger Delta could pose a great threat to the aquatic biotopes. This research investigated bioaccumulation of selected heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons in the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) from the creek. Crabs (N=20; average length 18±20cm; weight 150.18±0.02g) were collected with nets. Mean concentrations (mg/l) of Zn (0.044±0.01), Cd (0.002±0.00), Cr (0.001±0.00), Pb (0.001±0.00), Fe (5.82±0.29), Mn (0.001±0.00), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH; 40.23±2.83) and total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (ΣPAHs;7.60±1.29) were lower in water than sediments (22.10±1.37, 1.98±0.04, 2.13±0.09, 4.80±0.57, 24.03±1.29, 0.04±0.01, 70.93±3.10 and 29.80±4.02mg/kg, respectively) at the impacted location. Accumulations (μg/g) in digestive tract (dtr), muscle (mus) and ovaries (ov) were as follows: Zn 10.50 (dtr), 11.00 (mus), 2.40 (ov); Cr 0.21 (dtr), 0.10 (mus), 0.04 (ov); Cd 0.01 (dtr), 0.02 (mus), 0.01 (ov); Pb 0.04 (dtr), 0.02 (mus), 0.01 (ov); Mn 0.05 (dtr), 0.03 (mus), 0.01 (ov); TPH 4.14 (dtr), 3.14 (mus), 1.20 (ov); and mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs=BTEX) 0.01μg/g (dtr), 0.02 μg/g (mus), 0.01 μg/g (ov). Accumulations of TPH and BTEX were significantly (p<0.05) higher at the impacted location (p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively) than reference locations. High TQ/HQ values of 1.59, 2.82 and 1.90 were recorded for Zn, TPHs and PAHs, respectively. The results raise environmental health concerns among consumers of the aquatic food in the area.

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尼日利亚上邦尼河口奥古溪蓝蟹（Callinectes sapidus, Rathbun 1896）体内重金属和石油碳氢化合物的生物累积性

长期向尼日尔三角洲上邦尼河口的奥古溪排放工业和手工炼油污水可能会对水生生物群落构成巨大威胁。本研究调查了溪中蓝蟹（Callinectes sapidus）体内特定重金属和石油碳氢化合物的生物累积情况。螃蟹（N=20；平均体长 18±20cm；体重 150.18±0.02g）由网收集。锌（0.044±0.01）、镉（0.002±0.00）、铬（0.001±0.00）、铅（0.001±0.00）、铁（5.82±0.29）、锰（0.001±0.00）、总石油烃（TPH；40.23±2.83）和总多核芳香烃（ΣPAHs；7.在受影响的地点，水中总石油碳氢化合物（TPH；40.23±2.83）和总多核芳香烃（ΣPAHs；7.60±1.29）的浓度（分别为 22.10±1.37、1.98±0.04、2.13±0.09、4.80±0.57、24.03±1.29、0.04±0.01、70.93±3.10 和 29.80±4.02mg/kg）低于沉积物。在消化道（dtr）、肌肉（mus）和卵巢（ov）中的累积量（μg/g）如下：锌 10.50（直肠）、11.00（肌肉）、2.40（卵巢）；铬 0.21（直肠）、0.10（肌肉）、0.04（卵巢）；镉 0.01（直肠）、0.02（肌肉）、0.01（卵巢）；铅 0.04（直肠）、0.02（肌肉）、0.01（卵巢）；锰 0.05（直肠）、0.03（肌肉）、0.01（卵巢）。03（麝香），0.01（椭圆形）；总石油碳氢化合物 4.14（直馏），3.14（麝香），1.20（椭圆形）；单核芳香烃（MAHs=BTEX） 0.01 微克/克（直馏），0.02 微克/克（麝香），0.01 微克/克（椭圆形）。受影响地点的 TPH 和 BTEX 累积量（p=0.03 和 0.02）明显高于参照地点（p<0.05）。锌、TPHs 和 PAHs 的 TQ/HQ 值分别高达 1.59、2.82 和 1.90。这些结果引起了该地区水产食品消费者对环境健康的关注。

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