Effects of predator species, composition and light environment on prey escape behaviours of invasive and native benthic fishes

IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES
N. O. Michels, T. R. Hrabik, A. F. Mensinger
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The behaviour of two benthic species, round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdii), were examined under natural relevant downwelling light during predatory attacks by Burbot (Lota lota) and Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu). Population declines have been observed for mottled sculpin after round goby invaded the Laurentian Great Lakes, but no data exist on prey avoidance behaviours and success for either species. The activity levels of the prey species were measured in the presence and absence of predators. Predator–prey interactions were quantified for reaction, attack, capture and retention probabilities. In addition, flight initiation distance, turns per flee and a comparison between observed and optimal escape angles were used as escape metrics to examine differences in prey survival. Trials were run under downwelling irradiances calculated for Lake Superior that correlated with dark, civil twilight, and sunrise. The number of round goby movements decreased by 74% in the presence of predators while mottled sculpin movement declined by 95% compared to baselines established without predators. Round gobies were more successful at evading predation with 18.3% of mottled sculpins consumed compared to 8.5% of round gobies during a comparable number (n = 27) trials. Round gobies also fled closer to their theoretically calculated optimal angles than mottled sculpin. Greater variation in flight initiation distances at different light intensities, fleeing at optimum angles that avoid predation and a more erratic escape path led to increased escape success for round gobies. Greater success avoiding predators may be another compounding factor, combined with round goby aggression and competition, that has contributed to the success of the round goby invasion in the Laurentian Great Lakes.

Abstract Image

捕食者种类、组成和光环境对入侵和本地底栖鱼类猎物逃逸行为的影响
研究了两种底栖物种--圆鰕虎鱼(Neogobius melanostomus)和斑鳞鲭(Cottus bairdii)--在受到伯博特鱼(Lota lota)和小口鲈(Micropterus dolomieu)捕食攻击时在自然相关下沉光照下的行为。在圆虾虎鱼入侵劳伦伦五大湖后,斑鲭的种群数量有所下降,但没有关于这两种鱼类避开猎物的行为和成功率的数据。在有捕食者和没有捕食者的情况下,对猎物物种的活动水平进行了测量。捕食者与猎物之间的相互作用被量化为反应、攻击、捕获和滞留概率。此外,还使用了飞行起始距离、每次逃逸的转弯次数以及观察到的最佳逃逸角度之间的比较作为逃逸指标,以研究猎物存活率的差异。试验是在为苏必利尔湖计算的下沉辐照度下进行的,该辐照度与天黑、民间黄昏和日出相关。与没有捕食者时的基线相比,在有捕食者的情况下,圆鰕虎鱼的活动次数减少了 74%,而斑鳞鲭的活动次数则减少了 95%。在数量相当(n = 27)的试验中,圆虾虎鱼在躲避捕食方面更为成功,18.3%的斑鳞虾虎鱼被捕食,而圆虾虎鱼只有8.5%被捕食。与斑鳞梭鱼相比,圆斑梭鱼的飞行角度也更接近理论计算的最佳角度。在不同的光照强度下,圆头鰕虎鱼的起始飞行距离变化更大,以最佳角度逃离可避免被捕食,而且逃离路径更不稳定,这些都增加了圆头鰕虎鱼的逃离成功率。更成功地避开捕食者可能是另一个复合因素,再加上圆鰕虎鱼的攻击性和竞争性,导致圆鰕虎鱼成功入侵劳伦伦五大湖。
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来源期刊
Ecology of Freshwater Fish
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 农林科学-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
45
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Ecology of Freshwater Fish publishes original contributions on all aspects of fish ecology in freshwater environments, including lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and streams. Manuscripts involving ecologically-oriented studies of behavior, conservation, development, genetics, life history, physiology, and host-parasite interactions are welcomed. Studies involving population ecology and community ecology are also of interest, as are evolutionary approaches including studies of population biology, evolutionary ecology, behavioral ecology, and historical ecology. Papers addressing the life stages of anadromous and catadromous species in estuaries and inshore coastal zones are considered if they contribute to the general understanding of freshwater fish ecology. Theoretical and modeling studies are suitable if they generate testable hypotheses, as are those with implications for fisheries. Manuscripts presenting analyses of published data are considered if they produce novel conclusions or syntheses. The journal publishes articles, fresh perspectives, and reviews and, occasionally, the proceedings of conferences and symposia.
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