Competing effects of crustal shortening, thermal inheritance, and surface processes explain subsidence anomalies in inverted rift basins

Geology Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI:10.1130/g51971.1
Éva Oravecz, A. Bálazs, Taras Gerya, Dave A. May, László Fodor
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Abstract

Structural inversion of rifted basins is generally associated with surface uplift and denudation of the sedimentary infill, reflecting the active contractional deformation in the crust. However, worldwide examples of inverted rifts show contrasting basin-scale subsidence and widespread sedimentation patterns during basin inversion. By conducting a series of three-dimensional coupled geodynamic and surface processes models, we investigated the dynamic controls on these subsidence anomalies during the successive stages of rifting and basin inversion, and we propose a new evolutionary model for this process. Our models show that the inherited thermo-rheological properties of the lithosphere influence the initial strain localization and subsequent migration of crustal deformation during inversion. The sense of the vertical movements (i.e., uplift or subsidence), however, is not directly linked to the underlying crustal stress patterns; rather, it reflects the balance among contraction-induced tectonic uplift, postrift thermal subsidence of the inherited lithosphere, and sediment redistribution. Based on the interplay among the competing differential vertical movements with different amplitudes and wavelengths, inversion of rifted basins may lead to the growth of intraplate orogens, or the contraction-driven localized uplift may be hindered by the thermal sag effects of the inherited shallow lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, resulting in basin-scale subsidence. In such basins, dating the first erosional surfaces and other unconformities may not provide accurate timing for the onset of inversion.
地壳缩短、热继承和地表过程的竞争效应解释了倒置裂谷盆地的沉降异常现象
断裂盆地的结构反转一般与地表隆起和沉积填充物的剥蚀有关,反映了地壳中活跃的收缩变形。然而,世界范围内的倒转断裂实例表明,在盆地倒转过程中,盆地尺度的下沉和广泛的沉积模式形成了鲜明对比。通过建立一系列三维耦合地球动力学和地表过程模型,我们研究了这些沉降异常在断裂和盆地倒转连续阶段的动态控制,并提出了这一过程的新演化模型。我们的模型表明,岩石圈固有的热流变特性影响着最初的应变定位和随后在反演过程中地壳变形的迁移。然而,垂直运动的意义(即隆起或下沉)与潜在的地壳应力模式没有直接联系;相反,它反映了收缩引起的构造隆起、继承岩石圈的断裂后热下沉以及沉积物重新分布之间的平衡。基于不同振幅和波长的竞争性差异垂直运动之间的相互作用,断裂盆地的反转可能会导致板内造山运动的发展,或者收缩驱动的局部隆起可能会受到继承的浅岩石圈-岩石圈边界的热下陷效应的阻碍,从而导致盆地尺度的下沉。在这类盆地中,对第一个侵蚀面和其他不整合面进行测年可能无法提供反演开始的准确时间。
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