Structure and vulnerability of the ichthyochory network in wetland forests of Central Amazonia

IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES
Gilvan Costa, Bianca Weiss, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Efrem Jorge Ferreira, Leonardo Maltchik
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The interaction between fish and plants is vital for the dynamics of ecosystems since it influences plant distribution and regeneration patterns. In the floodable areas of the Amazon, these interactions are mainly structured by the flood pulse, which enables seed dispersal via water (hydrochory) and fish (ichthyochory), and which contributes to the formation of complex mutualistic networks. Our study evaluated the structure (modularity, nestedness, specialisation, and robustness) of the network of dispersal of seeds by frugivorous fish in a floodplain forest in Central Amazonia. We expect the binary network to have a nested pattern, while the weighted network is expected to have a non-nested structure; that generalist frugivorous species should constitute the core of the network, while specialist frugivorous species will be peripheral; that the size of fish and seeds is related to specialisation, and that the robustness of the network weakens as generalist frugivorous fish are removed. We found 5012 intact seeds from 49 plant species in the digestive tracts of 11 species of frugivorous fish. A nested and modular pattern was found for the binary and weighted networks, albeit with a low degree of nestedness. Our network proved relatively robust when the frugivores were removed, whereby all the fish and plant species became peripheral. No relationship was found between the size of the fish and the seeds and the degree of specialisation. Considering the anthropogenic impacts that can cause modifications in seed dispersal networks, knowing the structure of mutualistic networks is fundamental in order to be able infer the vulnerability of the interactions as a result of changes in the ecosystem.

中亚马孙湿地森林中鱼类网络的结构和脆弱性
鱼类和植物之间的相互作用对生态系统的动态至关重要,因为它影响着植物的分布和再生模式。在亚马逊河的洪水泛滥区,这些互动主要由洪水脉冲来构建,洪水脉冲通过水(水力)和鱼(鱼力)实现种子传播,并促成了复杂的互惠网络的形成。我们的研究评估了亚马逊中部洪泛平原森林中节食鱼类传播种子网络的结构(模块化、嵌套性、专业化和稳健性)。我们预计二元网络具有嵌套模式,而加权网络则具有非嵌套结构;通食性俭食鱼类应构成网络的核心,而专食性俭食鱼类则处于外围;鱼类和种子的大小与专业化有关,网络的稳健性随着通食性俭食鱼类的移除而减弱。我们在 11 种食俭鱼的消化道中发现了来自 49 种植物的 5012 粒完整种子。尽管嵌套程度较低,但我们发现二元网络和加权网络存在嵌套和模块化模式。当食俭鱼被移除后,所有鱼类和植物物种都成为外围物种,我们的网络被证明是相对稳健的。鱼类和种子的大小与专业化程度之间没有关系。考虑到人为影响可能导致种子传播网络的改变,了解互惠网络的结构对于推断生态系统变化导致的相互作用的脆弱性至关重要。
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来源期刊
Ecology of Freshwater Fish
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 农林科学-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
45
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Ecology of Freshwater Fish publishes original contributions on all aspects of fish ecology in freshwater environments, including lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and streams. Manuscripts involving ecologically-oriented studies of behavior, conservation, development, genetics, life history, physiology, and host-parasite interactions are welcomed. Studies involving population ecology and community ecology are also of interest, as are evolutionary approaches including studies of population biology, evolutionary ecology, behavioral ecology, and historical ecology. Papers addressing the life stages of anadromous and catadromous species in estuaries and inshore coastal zones are considered if they contribute to the general understanding of freshwater fish ecology. Theoretical and modeling studies are suitable if they generate testable hypotheses, as are those with implications for fisheries. Manuscripts presenting analyses of published data are considered if they produce novel conclusions or syntheses. The journal publishes articles, fresh perspectives, and reviews and, occasionally, the proceedings of conferences and symposia.
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