Assessing the impact of land use and land cover (LULC) changes on the surface runoff downstream of an ungauged Bontanga watershed in Northern Ghana

Water Practice & Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI:10.2166/wpt.2024.061

E. Mwanga, Abdul-Ganiyu Shaibu, Zakaria Issaka

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Abstract

Anthropogenic activities exacerbated by population growth, demanding land for food production and settlements, have led degradation of the Bontanga watershed. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of land use and land cover (LULC) change on the surface runoff in the Bontanga watershed from 1997 to 2022. LULC change maps for the years 1997, 2002, 2013, and 2022 were generated from Landsat images using ArcGIS, achieving overall accuracies of 92, 91.89, 95.27, and 83.64%, respectively. Surface runoff was estimated using the SCS–CN model. Correlation analysis was employed to identify predominant LULC change classes that impact surface runoff. The agricultural land and built-up area increased by 20.81% and 27.20% causing an increase in the surface runoff by 13.92 and 14.49% from 1997 to 2022. Due to anthropogenic activities, dense forest, grassland, mixed forest and shrub land, mixed shrub and grassland decreased by 20.31, 29.97, 22.51, and 25.58% causing an increase in surface runoff by 14.98, 14.06, 15.78, and 15.05%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that changes in surface runoff were positively correlated with agricultural land, and mixed forest and shrub and negatively correlated with mixed shrub and grassland, and grassland.

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评估土地利用和土地覆被 (LULC) 变化对加纳北部未经测量的 Bontanga 流域下游地表径流的影响

人口增长、粮食生产和定居点对土地的需求等人为活动加剧了邦坦加流域的退化。本研究旨在评估 1997 年至 2022 年土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）变化对邦坦加流域地表径流的影响。使用 ArcGIS 利用 Landsat 图像生成了 1997 年、2002 年、2013 年和 2022 年的 LULC 变化图，总体准确率分别为 92%、91.89%、95.27% 和 83.64%。地表径流采用 SCS-CN 模型进行估算。通过相关性分析，确定了影响地表径流的主要 LULC 变化等级。从 1997 年到 2022 年，农业用地和建筑面积分别增加了 20.81% 和 27.20%，导致地表径流量分别增加了 13.92% 和 14.49%。由于人为活动的影响，密林、草地、林灌混交林地、林灌混交林地和草地分别减少了 20.31%、29.97%、22.51%和 25.58%，导致地表径流量分别增加了 14.98%、14.06%、15.78%和 15.05%。相关分析表明，地表径流的变化与农田、森林和灌木混交林呈正相关，与灌木和草地混交林以及草地呈负相关。

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Water Practice & Technology

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