Using resampled nSight-2 hyperspectral data and various machine learning classifiers for discriminating wetland plant species in a Ramsar Wetland site, South Africa

IF 2.3 Q2 REMOTE SENSING
Mchasisi Gasela, Mahlatse Kganyago, Gerhard De Jager
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Mapping wetland ecosystems at the species level provides critical information for understanding the nutrient cycle, carbon sequestration, retention and purification of water, waste treatment and pollution control. However, wetland ecosystems are threatened by climate variability and change and anthropogenic activities; thus, their assessment and monitoring have become critical to inform proper management interventions. Contemporary studies show that satellite-based Earth observation (EO) has significant potential for achieving this task. While many multispectral EO data are freely and readily available, its broad spectral bands limit its utility in differentiating subtle differences among similar plant species. In contrast, hyperspectral data has a high spectral resolution, which is superior in discerning minute differences in similar plant species. However, this data is associated with high dimensionality and multicollinearity, which negatively affect the performance of traditional, parametric classification algorithms. To this end, machine algorithms are often preferred to classify hyperspectral data due to their robustness to various data distributions and noise. The current study compared the performance of three advanced machine learning classifiers, i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), in discriminating four dominant wetland plant species, i.e., Crocosmia sp., Grasses, Agapanthus sp. and Cyperus sp. using simulated hyperspectral data from an upcoming sensor, i.e., nSight-2. The results revealed that SVM is superior, with an overall accuracy of 93.18% (and class-wise accuracies > 85%). In comparison, there were minor differences in the performances of RF and PLS-DA, i.e., 84.09% and 83.63%, respectively. Overall, the results demonstrated that all the evaluated classifiers could achieve acceptable mapping accuracies. However, SVM is more robust, providing exceptional accuracies, and should be considered for operational mapping once the sensor is in space.

利用重新采样的 nSight-2 高光谱数据和各种机器学习分类器来区分南非拉姆萨尔湿地的湿地植物物种
绘制物种级别的湿地生态系统图为了解养分循环、碳固存、水的保留和净化、废物处理和污染控制提供了重要信息。然而,湿地生态系统正受到气候多变性和变化以及人为活动的威胁;因此,对其进行评估和监测对于采取适当的管理干预措施至关重要。当代研究表明,卫星地球观测(EO)在完成这一任务方面具有巨大潜力。虽然许多多光谱 EO 数据可以随时免费获取,但其宽泛的光谱波段限制了其在区分类似植物物种之间细微差别方面的作用。相比之下,高光谱数据具有较高的光谱分辨率,在辨别类似植物物种的细微差别方面更胜一筹。然而,这种数据具有高维度和多共线性的特点,对传统参数分类算法的性能产生了负面影响。为此,机器算法因其对各种数据分布和噪声的鲁棒性,通常是高光谱数据分类的首选。本研究比较了支持向量机 (SVM)、随机森林 (RF) 和偏最小二乘法判别分析 (PLS-DA) 这三种先进的机器学习分类器在利用即将推出的传感器 nSight-2 的模拟高光谱数据判别四种主要湿地植物物种(即蟛蜞菊、禾本科植物、鹅掌楸和香附)方面的性能。结果表明,SVM 更胜一筹,总体准确率为 93.18%(分类准确率为 85%)。相比之下,RF 和 PLS-DA 的表现差异不大,分别为 84.09% 和 83.63%。总体而言,结果表明所有评估的分类器都能达到可接受的映射精度。不过,SVM 更为稳健,可提供卓越的精确度,因此应考虑在传感器进入太空后用于操作映射。
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来源期刊
Applied Geomatics
Applied Geomatics REMOTE SENSING-
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
3.70%
发文量
61
期刊介绍: Applied Geomatics (AGMJ) is the official journal of SIFET the Italian Society of Photogrammetry and Topography and covers all aspects and information on scientific and technical advances in the geomatics sciences. The Journal publishes innovative contributions in geomatics applications ranging from the integration of instruments, methodologies and technologies and their use in the environmental sciences, engineering and other natural sciences. The areas of interest include many research fields such as: remote sensing, close range and videometric photogrammetry, image analysis, digital mapping, land and geographic information systems, geographic information science, integrated geodesy, spatial data analysis, heritage recording; network adjustment and numerical processes. Furthermore, Applied Geomatics is open to articles from all areas of deformation measurements and analysis, structural engineering, mechanical engineering and all trends in earth and planetary survey science and space technology. The Journal also contains notices of conferences and international workshops, industry news, and information on new products. It provides a useful forum for professional and academic scientists involved in geomatics science and technology. Information on Open Research Funding and Support may be found here: https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/institutional-agreements
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