Multilateral or Polylateral Approaches? To More Effectively Address Contemporary Diplomatic Challenges

Abstract

On the contemporary diplomatic stage, multilateral and multilateral debates occupy a central position. This study will delve into these strategies to determine their effectiveness in addressing modern global challenges. Multilateralism is based on the principles of collective action and international cooperation, involving the participation of multiple countries through formal international institutions. It has formed important global agreements and policies in history. On the other hand, multilateralism proposed by Geoffrey Wiseman in 1999 represents a more flexible approach to incorporating non-state actors such as non-governmental organizations, businesses, and civil society into the diplomatic process. This method makes international interactions more dynamic and detailed. This study provides an in-depth analysis of these two methods through case studies on key issues such as climate change, international security, and global health crises. By evaluating the role and influence of the United Nations and various non-governmental organizations, this article compares the comprehensiveness (but often slow in action) of multilateralism with its flexibility (but sometimes weaker in authority). Finally, this study argues that multilateralism provides a platform for global consensus and legitimacy, while multilateralism brings adaptability and innovation to diplomacy. Moreover, this study argues that a hybrid approach that leverages the advantages of multilateral and multilateral mechanisms may be key to effectively addressing the complex diplomatic challenges of the 21st century.