Nexuses between Food, Energy, and Water Consumption on Urban-Rural Income Gap in South-Eastern Asian Countries Using Difference in Difference in Modelling Technique
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
South Asian countries are still battling hunger and poverty, especially in rural areas. Empirical evidence attributes the urban-rural income gap to inadequate infrastructure, such as electricity and water supply. This article uses a difference-in-difference model to examine how emerging trends in Food, Energy, and Water (FEW) resources influence the urban-rural income gap. Using data from 2000 to 2019 from China, Indonesia, and India, the results showed that high food insecurity increases income inequality, whereas electricity supply significantly reduces the income gap. Thus, Asians should ensure a sustainable and equitable distribution of FEW resources to improve agricultural productivity and create jobs.
期刊介绍:
International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues (IJEFI) is the international academic journal, and is a double-blind, peer-reviewed academic journal publishing high quality conceptual and measure development articles in the areas of economics, finance and related disciplines. The journal has a worldwide audience. The journal''s goal is to stimulate the development of economics, finance and related disciplines theory worldwide by publishing interesting articles in a highly readable format. The journal is published Bimonthly (6 issues per year) and covers a wide variety of topics including (but not limited to): Macroeconomcis International Economics Econometrics Business Economics Growth and Development Regional Economics Tourism Economics International Trade Finance International Finance Macroeconomic Aspects of Finance General Financial Markets Financial Institutions Behavioral Finance Public Finance Asset Pricing Financial Management Options and Futures Taxation, Subsidies and Revenue Corporate Finance and Governance Money and Banking Markets and Institutions of Emerging Markets Public Economics and Public Policy Financial Economics Applied Financial Econometrics Financial Risk Analysis Risk Management Portfolio Management Financial Econometrics.