Effects of radius and electronegativity of donors on the microstructure and mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of ZnO varistors

IF 1.7 4区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS
Bo-wen Wang, Jia-zheng Lu, Peng-zhao Gao, Zhi-yao Fu, Zheng-long Jiang, Wei-wei Gong
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Abstract

In this paper, influence of radius and electronegativities of seven kinds of donors on the composition, microstructure, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of ZnO varistors were investigated via XRD, SEM, XPS, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties tests. Results showed that when sintered at 1100 °C for 2 h, the obtained varistors exhibited a dense microstructure, where radius of donors played an important role on the grain size and size distribution of varistors; Mechanical properties and coefficient of thermal expansion of varistors were mainly affected by the radius of donors, with specimen 6# possessing the highest values of 123.46 MPa (σf), 80.47 GPa (Ef), and 6.58 × 10−6 °C−1 (λc), respectively; Values of E1mA and α initially increased and then decreased with the increase of donors’ radius, whereas those of JL and K exhibited opposite trends. E1mA and α had maximum values of 569.94 V mm–1 and 26.70, whereas JL and K possessed the lowest values of 2.31 μA⋅cm−2 and 1.35, respectively, when Co2+ worked as the donor (specimen 6#). The DC aging process of ZnO varistors obeyed the ion migration mechanism, the radius of donors can affect the number of it entering the ZnO lattice, which can limit the migration of zinc gaps via the formation of substitution and filling defects in the ZnO lattice. The electronegativity of donors can reduce the ion migration speed via the stronger electrostatic force, and specimen 6# possessed the lowest DC aging properties (KT = 1.68).

Abstract Image

供体半径和电负性对氧化锌压敏电阻微观结构以及机械、热和电特性的影响
本文通过XRD、SEM、XPS、力学、热学和电学性能测试,研究了七种供体的半径和电负性对氧化锌压敏电阻的组成、微观结构、力学、热学和电学性能的影响。结果表明,在 1100 °C 下烧结 2 小时后,得到的变阻器呈现出致密的微观结构,其中供体半径对变阻器的晶粒大小和粒度分布起着重要作用;变阻器的力学性能和热膨胀系数主要受供体半径的影响,其中试样 6# 的热膨胀系数最高,为 123.46 MPa (σf)、80.47 GPa (Ef) 和 6.58 × 10-6 °C-1 (λc);E1mA 和 α 的值随着供体半径的增大先增大后减小,而 JL 和 K 的值则呈现相反的趋势。当 Co2+ 作为供体时(试样 6#),E1mA 和 α 的最大值分别为 569.94 V mm-1 和 26.70,而 JL 和 K 的最低值分别为 2.31 μA⋅cm-2 和 1.35。ZnO 变阻器的直流老化过程遵循离子迁移机制,供体的半径会影响其进入 ZnO 晶格的数量,从而通过在 ZnO 晶格中形成置换和填充缺陷来限制锌隙的迁移。供体的电负性可通过更强的静电力降低离子迁移速度,试样 6# 的直流老化性能最低(KT = 1.68)。
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来源期刊
Journal of Electroceramics
Journal of Electroceramics 工程技术-材料科学:硅酸盐
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
5.90%
发文量
22
审稿时长
5.7 months
期刊介绍: While ceramics have traditionally been admired for their mechanical, chemical and thermal stability, their unique electrical, optical and magnetic properties have become of increasing importance in many key technologies including communications, energy conversion and storage, electronics and automation. Electroceramics benefit greatly from their versatility in properties including: -insulating to metallic and fast ion conductivity -piezo-, ferro-, and pyro-electricity -electro- and nonlinear optical properties -feromagnetism. When combined with thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability, these properties often render them the materials of choice. The Journal of Electroceramics is dedicated to providing a forum of discussion cutting across issues in electrical, optical, and magnetic ceramics. Driven by the need for miniaturization, cost, and enhanced functionality, the field of electroceramics is growing rapidly in many new directions. The Journal encourages discussions of resultant trends concerning silicon-electroceramic integration, nanotechnology, ceramic-polymer composites, grain boundary and defect engineering, etc.
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