Variation in traditional knowledge of culturally important macromycete species among three indigenous communities of Oaxaca, Mexico.

IF 2.9 2区 医学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Alexanders López-García, Marko Gómez-Hernández, Etelvina Gándara
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: For centuries, wild mushrooms have been a forest resource of significant cultural value in several ethnic groups worldwide. In Mexico, extensive traditional knowledge on the use of fungal resources has been developed and deeply rooted. Mexico is the second country in the world in which the most species of wild mushroom are consumed, and it is considered a pioneer in ethnomycology. Nonetheless, there are still many indigenous groups in this country that have not been studied from an ethnomycological approach. The present study aimed to record the traditional knowledge on wild mushrooms in three indigenous groups of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, and assess the variation in this knowledge within and across the studied groups.

Methods: The data were recorded from April to October 2022 within three communities belonging to the indigenous groups Chatino, Chontal, and Chinanteco. Through 84 interviews, information related to their knowledge of wild mushrooms was obtained. The cultural significance index of wild edible mushrooms was calculated for each community. Regression analyses, analysis of variance and covariance, t test, and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis were performed to assess the distribution of traditional knowledge in the communities.

Results: A total of 32 culturally important mushroom species were recorded for the three indigenous groups (30 edible, 2 medicinal); 23 used by Chatinos, 16 by Chontales, and 6 by Chinantecos. Only Chatinos and Chinantecos use wild mushrooms in medicine. The cultural significance of wild edible mushrooms differed among groups. Traditional knowledge about wild mushrooms declines when the level of schooling increases and age decreases, especially in the Chatino group. This knowledge distributes more homogeneously in the Chontal and Chinanteco groups. Their age determines the difference in knowledge between men and women.

Conclusion: Documenting how traditional knowledge differs among ethnic groups is relevant for preserving cultural and biological diversity. Factors such as level of schooling and age can affect traditional knowledge of wild mushrooms, but the effects of these factors vary within and across communities. Conducting studies encompassing a broader range of variables is of interest for a better understanding of the human-mushroom relationship.

墨西哥瓦哈卡州三个土著社区对具有重要文化价值的大型真菌物种的传统知识差异。
背景:几个世纪以来,野生蘑菇一直是全球多个民族的森林资源,具有重要的文化价值。在墨西哥,利用真菌资源的广泛传统知识已经形成并深入人心。墨西哥是世界上食用野生蘑菇种类第二多的国家,被认为是人种菌学的先驱。然而,该国仍有许多土著群体尚未从人种植物学的角度进行研究。本研究旨在记录墨西哥瓦哈卡州三个土著群体关于野生蘑菇的传统知识,并评估这些知识在所研究群体内部和群体之间的差异:2022 年 4 月至 10 月期间,在属于土著群体 Chatino、Chontal 和 Chinanteco 的三个社区内记录了数据。通过 84 次访谈,获得了与野生蘑菇知识相关的信息。每个社区都计算了野生食用菌的文化意义指数。通过回归分析、方差和协方差分析、t 检验和非度量多维尺度分析来评估各社区传统知识的分布情况:三个土著群体共记录了 32 种具有重要文化价值的蘑菇(30 种食用蘑菇,2 种药用蘑菇);其中查蒂诺人使用 23 种蘑菇,乔塔莱斯人使用 16 种蘑菇,奇南特科人使用 6 种蘑菇。只有查蒂诺人和奇南特科人将野生蘑菇用作药物。野生食用菌的文化意义在不同群体之间存在差异。关于野生蘑菇的传统知识随着受教育程度的提高和年龄的降低而减少,尤其是在查提诺人群体中。这种知识在 Chontal 和 Chinanteco 群体中的分布较为均匀。他们的年龄决定了男女知识的差异:记录各民族传统知识的差异对于保护文化和生物多样性具有重要意义。受教育程度和年龄等因素会影响野生蘑菇的传统知识,但这些因素在不同社区内部和社区之间的影响各不相同。为了更好地了解人类与蘑菇之间的关系,有必要开展涵盖更广泛变量的研究。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
16.70%
发文量
66
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine publishes original research focusing on cultural perceptions of nature and of human and animal health. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine invites research articles, reviews and commentaries concerning the investigations of the inextricable links between human societies and nature, food, and health. Specifically, the journal covers the following topics: ethnobotany, ethnomycology, ethnozoology, ethnoecology (including ethnopedology), ethnogastronomy, ethnomedicine, ethnoveterinary, as well as all related areas in environmental, nutritional, and medical anthropology. Research focusing on the implications that the inclusion of humanistic, cultural, and social dimensions have in understanding the biological word is also welcome, as well as its potential projections in public health-centred, nutritional, and environmental policies.
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