Diogenes’ tub and the double bind of science and vocation in the late Middle Ages

Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI:10.1016/j.endeavour.2024.100912
Catrien Santing
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Abstract

Intellectuals tend to cherish heroes who embody their ideal way of life. The fact that the personas of the unworldly Greek philosophers Diogenes and Crates were so popular in the late Middle Ages proves that Max Weber’s Idealtypus of the “authentic man of science” (as termed by Steven Shapin) has been problematic for centuries. This finding gives cause to modify Max Weber’s and Shapin's viewpoints about the loss of the “authentic man of science” due to professionalization. The development of the university as an educational institution in the High Middle Ages chained the academic once and for all to a formal training that costs time and money: investments that were expected to have reward. Soon, university-trained experts were highly appreciated by local and national authorities. By combining Frank Rexroth’s and Marcel Bubert’s ideas on the coming into being of an “amor sciendi” in the twelfth century Arts faculties, with David Kaldewey’s and Klaas van Berkel’s appeals for academic autonomy, my article argues that academics have always struggled to protect the pursuit of truth, even while they recognized its vital importance from the beginning.

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第欧根尼的浴盆与中世纪晚期科学与使命的双重束缚
知识分子往往崇尚体现其理想生活方式的英雄人物。不谙世事的希腊哲学家第欧根尼(Diogenes)和克拉特斯(Crates)的形象在中世纪晚期如此受欢迎,这一事实证明,马克斯-韦伯(Max Weber)的 "真正的科学人 "理想(Idealtypus)(史蒂文-夏平(Steven Shapin)称之为 "真正的科学人")几个世纪以来一直存在问题。这一发现使我们有理由修改马克斯-韦伯和夏平关于 "真正的科学人 "因职业化而丧失的观点。大学作为教育机构在中世纪后期的发展,使学者们一劳永逸地接受了耗费时间和金钱的正规培训,而这些投资是有回报的。很快,大学培养的专家受到了地方和国家当局的高度重视。我的文章将弗兰克-雷克斯罗特和马塞尔-布贝尔关于十二世纪文学院 "爱科学者"(amor sciendi)出现的观点与大卫-卡尔德维和克拉斯-范-贝克尔关于学术自治的呼吁结合起来,论证了学术界一直在努力保护对真理的追求,即使他们从一开始就认识到了真理的至关重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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