Exposure hazards of As in semi-urban rivers of Anambra, South-East Nigeria: Concentrations, source apportionments, health risks, and irrigation quality assessments

HydroResearch Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.hydres.2024.03.003

Christian Chukwuemeka Oli, Chideraa Courage Offor, Emeka Christian Ezeudu, Chinecherem Lilian Muotanya

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Abstract

The assessment of As and other water quality parameters (Fe, Mn, K⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, PO₄³⁻, NO₃⁻, BOD, EC, TSS, TDS, and turbidity) in the four rivers of Anambra State, Nigeria, was carried out in order to ascertain their human health risks. The results showed that As and Fe (mg/L) ranged from 0.00 to 1.39 and 0.10 to 0.26 respectively (September) and from 0.06 to 0.98 and 0.07 to 0.29 in October. As concentrations in the rivers followed the order: Obibia > Mmiri-Ukwaka > Ovia > Mmiri-Eze, and were all above the WHO permissible limit (0.01 mg/L). Ovia, Obibia, and Mmiri-Ukwaka Rivers had WAWQI >100, indicating unsafe water. As had ${HQ}_{ing}$ > 1 in all the rivers except in Mmiri-Eze. The strong positive correlation between As and Fe suggest their geogenic origin; hence these rivers should be treated with activated carbon before consumption.

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尼日利亚东南部阿南布拉半城市河流中砷的暴露危害：浓度、来源分配、健康风险和灌溉质量评估

对尼日利亚阿南布拉州四条河流中的砷和其他水质参数（Fe、Mn、K+、Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-、SO42-、PO43-、NO3-、BOD、EC、TSS、TDS 和浑浊度）进行了评估，以确定其对人类健康的危害。结果显示，9 月份砷和铁的含量（毫克/升）分别为 0.00 至 1.39 和 0.10 至 0.26，10 月份分别为 0.06 至 0.98 和 0.07 至 0.29。河流中的砷浓度依次为Obibia；Mmiri-Ukwaka；Ovia；Mmiri-Eze，均高于世界卫生组织允许的限值（0.01 毫克/升）。奥维亚、奥比比亚和姆米里-乌夸卡河的 WAWQI 值为 100，表明水质不安全。除 Mmiri-Eze 河外，所有河流的砷含量均为 HQing > 1。砷和铁之间的强正相关性表明它们源自地质；因此，这些河流在饮用前应使用活性炭进行处理。

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HydroResearch

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9.20

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0.00%

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