Firefighters and police search dog handlers’ experiences working closely with paramedics in urban search and rescue incidents: a qualitative focus group study from Oslo

Erik Westnes, Magnus Hjortdahl
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Abstract

Rescue operations are in Norway defined as situations where patients are difficult to access or that more resources are needed than the health services alone possess and can put in operation (Bull A, Redningshåndboken er endelig her! [Internet]. Hovedredningssentralen. 2018 [cited 2023 May 15]. Available from: https://www.hovedredningssentralen.no/redningshandboken-er-endelig-her/ ). Rescue operations after large incidents may include civil protection, military forces, non-governmental organizations and other resources, but the initial rescue effort must be performed by the emergency services as time often is of essence. The central area of an accident where special training and personal protection equipment is necessary or mandatory is called the Hot Zone. This study examines Urban Search And Rescue (USAR) firefighters and police officers reported experiences from ambulance personnel’s contribution in the Hot Zone. We conducted five focus group interviews with USAR-trained firefighters and police officers. The interviewees were those on duty on the agreed dates. The interviews were taped, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis as described by Braun & Clarke. Three themes were identified; Feeling safe during missions, Building USAR capacity, and Trust-building within USAR-teams. The firefighters and police officers reported their and the patients’ safety are best managed by EMS-personnel, whose presence strongly contributes to their own feeling of safety in a dangerous area. When EMS handles victims and injured emergency workers, firefighters and police officers can focus on their own primary tasks. Indeed, interviewees reported that building a USAR capacity depends on having USAR-trained EMS-personnel in the Hot Zone. The interviewees have clear and consistent opinions on how to establish an interagency USAR capacity effectively. Trust is paramount to the interviewees, and they express a high degree of trust within USAR Oslo. Firefighters and police officers regard USAR-trained EMS-personnel as a natural and integrated part in urban search and rescue teams. EMS-personnel in the dangerous area deliver safety and medical professional assistance to both rescue workers and patients. Informants in this study had clear opinions on how to establish and maintain such a service.
消防员和警用搜救犬训导员在城市搜救事件中与医护人员密切合作的经验:奥斯陆焦点小组定性研究
在挪威,抢救行动被定义为病人难以获得救治的情况,或者需要的资源超过了医疗服务机构本身所拥有和能够投入使用的资源(Bull A, Redningshåndboken er endelig her![Internet].Hovedredningssentralen.2018 [cited 2023 May 15].可查阅: https://www.hovedredningssentralen.no/redningshandboken-er-endelig-her/ )。大型事故发生后的救援行动可能包括民防、军队、非政府组织和其他资源,但最初的救援工作必须由应急服务部门实施,因为时间往往至关重要。事故中心区域被称为 "热区",在这里必须或必须进行特殊培训,并配备个人防护设备。本研究探讨了城市搜救(USAR)消防员和警官从救护人员在 "热区 "的贡献中获得的经验。我们对接受过 USAR 培训的消防员和警官进行了五次焦点小组访谈。受访者都是在约定日期执勤的人员。我们对访谈进行了录音、转录,并采用 Braun 和 Clarke 所述的主题分析方法进行了分析。确定了三个主题:执行任务时的安全感、建立 USAR 能力以及在 USAR 团队内部建立信任。消防员和警官表示,他们和病人的安全最好由急救人员负责,急救人员的存在极大地增强了他们在危险地区的安全感。当紧急医疗服务人员处理受害者和受伤的紧急救援人员时,消防员和警察就可以专注于自己的主要任务。事实上,受访者称,建立 USAR 能力取决于在 "热区 "是否有受过 USAR 培训的 EMS 人员。受访者对如何有效建立机构间 USAR 能力有着明确而一致的看法。对受访者来说,信任是最重要的,他们对奥斯陆 USAR 表示高度信任。消防员和警官认为受过 USAR 培训的急救人员是城市搜救团队中自然而然的组成部分。危险区域的急救人员为救援人员和病人提供安全和医疗专业援助。本研究的受访者对如何建立和维持这样的服务有明确的看法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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