Alberto J. Molina-Cantero, Clara Lebrato-Vázquez, Juan A. Castro-García, Manuel Merino-Monge, Félix Biscarri-Triviño, José I. Escudero-Fombuena
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
This paper is the first of a two-part study aiming at building a low-cost visible-light eye tracker (ET) for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The whole study comprises several phases: (1) analysis of the scientific literature, (2) selection of the studies that better fit the main goal, (3) building the ET, and (4) testing with final users. This document basically contains the two first phases, in which more than 500 studies, from different scientific databases (IEEE Xplore, Scopus, SpringerLink, etc.), fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and were analyzed following the guidelines of a scoping review. Two researchers screened the searching results and selected 44 studies (-value = 0.86, Kappa Statistic). Three main methods (appearance-, feature- or model- based) were identified for visible-light ETs, but none significantly outperformed the others according to the reported accuracy -p = 0.14, Kruskal–Wallis test (KW)-. The feature-based method is abundant in the literature, although the number of appearance-based studies is increasing due to the use of deep learning techniques. Head movements worsen the accuracy in ETs, and only a very few numbers of studies considered the use of algorithms to correct the head pose. Even though head movements seem not to be a big issue for people with ALS, some slight head movements might be enough to worsen the ET accuracy. For this reason, only studies that did not constrain the head movements with a chinrest were considered. Five studies fulfilled the selection criteria with accuracies less than \(2^{\circ }\), and one of them is illuminance invariant.
期刊介绍:
The purpose of JAIHC is to provide a high profile, leading edge forum for academics, industrial professionals, educators and policy makers involved in the field to contribute, to disseminate the most innovative researches and developments of all aspects of ambient intelligence and humanized computing, such as intelligent/smart objects, environments/spaces, and systems. The journal discusses various technical, safety, personal, social, physical, political, artistic and economic issues. The research topics covered by the journal are (but not limited to):
Pervasive/Ubiquitous Computing and Applications
Cognitive wireless sensor network
Embedded Systems and Software
Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications
Next Generation Multimedia Systems
Security, Privacy and Trust
Service and Semantic Computing
Advanced Networking Architectures
Dependable, Reliable and Autonomic Computing
Embedded Smart Agents
Context awareness, social sensing and inference
Multi modal interaction design
Ergonomics and product prototyping
Intelligent and self-organizing transportation networks & services
Healthcare Systems
Virtual Humans & Virtual Worlds
Wearables sensors and actuators