Characterization of conductive particle dispersion in textile coatings through Joule’s effect monitoring analysis

Abstract

Achieving proper dispersion of pigments, dyes, or other additives, such as microcapsules or nanoparticles, within printing pastes or textile coatings is crucial for obtaining a homogeneous result. In certain specialized applications, such as coloration technology, it is possible to use colorimetry tools, visual examination, and even artificial vision to identify defects. However, none of these techniques comprehensively map the specific additive distribution. This paper proposes a novel approach: monitoring the distribution of conductive particles (graphene nanoplatelets, referred to as GNPs) within an acrylic coating paste using the Joule’s effect. Four different dispersion systems (ultrasound mixer, blender, toroidal agitation, and three-roll mill) are employed. Thermographic images provide an accurate view of how conductive particles are distributed. This complements data from numerical values, such as the maximum and average temperatures recorded for each sample. In certain cases, relying solely on numerical values can be inadequate or insufficient, hence the novelty of this article emphasizing the significance of using the Joule’s effect to assess the distribution of conductive particles. Concerning the mixing systems, optimal dispersion of GNPs in distilled water is most effectively achieved using an ultrasound mixer, with enhanced uniformity as dispersion time increases. For mixing the components of the coating paste, the toroidal agitation method yields the best result. Employing the three-roll mill is discouraged for this application due to its propensity to induce phase separation.