Radiochirurgie des névralgies trigéminales avec accélérateur linéaire dédié sans cadre invasif : de la mise en service de l’appareil aux premiers résultats cliniques

Abstract

Purpose

Radiosurgery for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia delivers a very high dose in a single fraction, over a few millimeters, at a single isocenter placed along the nerve. We present here the different steps that have been performed to validate small beams by conical collimators, and report the clinical results of the first patients treated on Novalis Tx®, frameless.

Material and methods

First, the geometric accuracy of 4 and 6 mm conical collimators was evaluated using Winston-Lutz tests; then dosimetric data acquisition was performed using high spatial resolution detectors (PTW 60019 microdiamond and a PTW 60017 E-diode). The corrective factors of the TRS 483 report were applied to calculate the collimator aperture factors. These dosimetric data were then compared with the data implemented in the iPlan® treatment planning system. Then end-to-end tests were performed to control the entire treatment process using an anthropomorphic phantom “STEEV”. Between 2020 and 2022, 18 patients were treated for refractory trigeminal neuralgia on Novalis Tx®, frameless, with Exactrac® repositioning. A total of 17 patients were evaluated (one was lost to follow-up) using the BNI score for pain assessment and MRI with a median follow-up of 12 months.

Results

The quality criteria of geometric and dosimetric accuracy were met for the 6-mm cone but not for the 4-mm cone. All patients were treated with a 6-mm cone with a dose of 90 Gy prescribed at the isocenter at the root entry zone. Initial pain control was obtained in 70.5% of our patients, and 53% maintained pain control with a median follow-up of 12 months. All recurrences occurred within 3 to 6 months after radiosurgery. No brainstem toxicity was observed. Six patients had non-disabling facial hypoesthesia, half of whom already had pretreatment hypoesthesia.

Conclusion

The treatment of trigeminal neuralgia on a dedicated linear accelerator is a highly technical treatment whose accuracy and safety are paramount. The physical measurements allowed the commissioning of the technique with a 6 mm cone. Our first clinical results are in accordance with the literature.