Humoral and cellular response of two different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in a group of healthcare workers: An observational study

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Journal of immunological methods Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI:10.1016/j.jim.2024.113665

Nejla Stambouli , Khadija Bahrini , Chihebeddine Romdhani , Aicha Rebai , Sana Boughariou , Mohamed Zakraoui , Bilel Arfaoui , Sameh Seyli , Yasmine Boukhalfa , Riadh Battikh , Mohamed Ben Moussa , Iheb Labbene , Mustpha Ferjani , Hedi Gharssallah

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Abstract

On March 13, 2021, Tunisia started a widespread immunization program against SARS-CoV-2 utilizing different vaccinations that had been given emergency approval. Herein, we followed prospectively a cohort of participant who received COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer BioNTech and Sputnik-Gameleya V). The goal of this follow-up was to define the humoral and cellular immunological profile after immunization by assessing neutralizing antibodies and IFN- γ release. 26 vaccinated health care workers by Pfizer BioNTech (n=12) and Sputnik-Gameleya V (n=14) were enrolled from June to December 2021 in Military hospital of Tunis. All consenting participants were sampled for peripheral blood after three weeks of vaccination. The humoral response was investigated by the titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to S1 protein. The CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were evaluated by the QuantiFERON® SARS-CoV-2 (Qiagen® Basel, Switzerland).

Regardless the type of vaccine, the assessment of humoral and cellular response following vaccination showed a strong involvement of the later with expression of IFN-γ as compared to antibodies secretion. Moreover, we showed that people with past SARS-CoV-2 infection developed high levels of antibodies than those who are not previously infected. However, no significant difference was detected concerning interferon gamma (IFN-γ) expression by CD4 and CD8 T cells in health care worker (HCW) previously infection or not with COVID-19 infection. Analysis of immune response according to the type of vaccine, we found that Pfizer BioNTech induced high level of humoral response (91.66%) followed by Sputnik-Gameleya V (64.28%). However, adenovirus vaccine gave a better cellular response (57.14%) than mRNA vaccine (41.66%). Regarding the immune response following vaccine doses, we revealed a significant increase of neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ release by T cells in patients fully vaccinated as compared to those who have received just one vaccine.

Collectively, our data revealed a similar immune response between Pfizer BioNTech and Sputnik-Gameleya V vaccine with a slight increase of humoral response by mRNA vaccine and cellular response by adenovirus vaccine. It's evident that past SARS-CoV-2 infection was a factor that contributed to the vaccination's increased immunogenicity. However, the administration of full doses of vaccines (Pfizer BioNTech or Sputnik-Gameleya V) induces better humoral and cellular responses detectable even more than three months following vaccination.

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一组医护人员对两种不同的 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的体液和细胞反应：一项观察性研究。

2021 年 3 月 13 日，突尼斯启动了一项针对 SARS-CoV-2 的广泛免疫计划，使用了已获紧急批准的不同疫苗。在此，我们对接种了 COVID-19 疫苗（辉瑞生物技术公司和 Sputnik-Gameleya V 公司）的一组参与者进行了前瞻性跟踪。跟踪调查的目的是通过评估中和抗体和 IFN- γ 释放情况来确定免疫接种后的体液和细胞免疫概况。2021 年 6 月至 12 月期间，突尼斯军事医院招募了 26 名接种过辉瑞生物技术公司（12 人）和斯巴尼克-加梅利亚 V 公司（14 人）疫苗的医护人员。所有征得同意的参与者都在接种疫苗三周后接受了外周血采样。体液反应通过 S1 蛋白的抗 SARS-CoV-2 免疫球蛋白 G (IgG) 抗体滴度进行检测。CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞反应由 QuantiFERON® SARS-CoV-2 (Qiagen® Basel, Switzerland) 进行评估。无论疫苗类型如何，疫苗接种后体液和细胞反应的评估结果表明，与抗体分泌相比，IFN-γ的表达对体液和细胞反应的影响更大。此外，我们还发现，与未感染过 SARS-CoV-2 的人相比，曾经感染过 SARS-CoV-2 的人产生的抗体水平较高。然而，在曾感染或未感染 COVID-19 的医护人员（HCW）中，CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞表达的γ干扰素（IFN-γ）没有发现明显差异。根据疫苗类型对免疫反应进行分析，我们发现辉瑞生物技术公司诱导的体液反应水平较高（91.66%），其次是 Sputnik-Gameleya V（64.28%）。不过，腺病毒疫苗产生的细胞反应（57.14%）要好于 mRNA 疫苗（41.66%）。关于接种疫苗后的免疫反应，我们发现，与只接种过一种疫苗的患者相比，完全接种过疫苗的患者体内的中和抗体和 T 细胞释放的 IFN- γ 显著增加。总之，我们的数据显示辉瑞生物技术疫苗和 Sputnik-Gameleya V 疫苗的免疫反应相似，mRNA 疫苗的体液反应和腺病毒疫苗的细胞反应略有增加。很明显，过去的 SARS-CoV-2 感染是疫苗免疫原性增强的一个因素。不过，接种全剂量疫苗（辉瑞生物技术公司或 Sputnik-Gameleya V）能诱导更好的体液和细胞反应，甚至在接种后三个多月都能检测到。

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来源期刊

Journal of immunological methods 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

120

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Immunological Methods is devoted to covering techniques for: (1) Quantitating and detecting antibodies and/or antigens. (2) Purifying immunoglobulins, lymphokines and other molecules of the immune system. (3) Isolating antigens and other substances important in immunological processes. (4) Labelling antigens and antibodies. (5) Localizing antigens and/or antibodies in tissues and cells. (6) Detecting, and fractionating immunocompetent cells. (7) Assaying for cellular immunity. (8) Documenting cell-cell interactions. (9) Initiating immunity and unresponsiveness. (10) Transplanting tissues. (11) Studying items closely related to immunity such as complement, reticuloendothelial system and others. (12) Molecular techniques for studying immune cells and their receptors. (13) Imaging of the immune system. (14) Methods for production or their fragments in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. In addition the journal will publish articles on novel methods for analysing the organization, structure and expression of genes for immunologically important molecules such as immunoglobulins, T cell receptors and accessory molecules involved in antigen recognition, processing and presentation. Submitted full length manuscripts should describe new methods of broad applicability to immunology and not simply the application of an established method to a particular substance - although papers describing such applications may be considered for publication as a short Technical Note. Review articles will also be published by the Journal of Immunological Methods. In general these manuscripts are by solicitation however anyone interested in submitting a review can contact the Reviews Editor and provide an outline of the proposed review.