Why Female Smokers Have Poorer Long-Term Health Outcomes than Male Smokers: The Role of Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy.

IF 3.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS Pub Date : 2024-02-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/phrs.2024.1605579
Li Yang, Yunchun Zhou, Mingyan Jiang, Wendy Wen, Yanfang Guo, Smita Pakhale, Shi Wu Wen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives: Women's health status is better than men but the opposite is true for female smokers who usually have poorer long-health outcomes than male smokers. The objectives of this study were to thoroughly reviewed and analyzed relevant literature and to propose a hypothesis that may explain this paradox phenomenon. Methods: We conducted a search of literature from three English databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar) from inception to 13 November 2023. A combination of key words and/or subject headings in English was applied, including relevant terms for cigarette smoking, sex/gender, pregnancy, and health indicators. We then performed analysis of the searched literature. Results: Based on this review/analysis of literature, we proposed a hypothesis that may explain this paradox phenomenon: female smokers have worse long-term health outcomes than male smokers because some of them smoke during pregnancy, and the adverse effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy is much stronger than cigarette smoking during non-pregnancy periods. Conclusion: Approval of our pregnancy-amplification theory could provide additional evidence on the adverse effect on women's long-term health outcomes for cigarette smoking during pregnancy.

为什么女性吸烟者的长期健康结果比男性吸烟者差?怀孕期间吸烟的作用。
目标:女性的健康状况优于男性,但女性吸烟者的健康状况却恰恰相反,她们的长期健康状况通常比男性吸烟者差。本研究的目的是全面回顾和分析相关文献,并提出可能解释这一悖论现象的假设。研究方法我们检索了三个英文数据库(EMBASE、MEDLINE 和 Google Scholar)中从开始到 2023 年 11 月 13 日的文献。我们使用了英文关键词和/或主题词组合,包括吸烟、性别、怀孕和健康指标等相关术语。然后,我们对检索到的文献进行了分析。结果:根据对文献的回顾/分析,我们提出了一个可以解释这一悖论现象的假设:女性吸烟者的长期健康结果比男性吸烟者差,因为其中一些人在怀孕期间吸烟,而怀孕期间吸烟的不良影响比非怀孕期间吸烟的不良影响要大得多。结论我们的妊娠放大理论可以为孕期吸烟对女性长期健康结果的不利影响提供更多证据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS
PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS Nursing-Community and Home Care
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
1.80%
发文量
47
审稿时长
5 weeks
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