Preoperative COVID-19 Vaccination is Associated with Decreased Perioperative Mortality after Major Vascular Surgery

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on perioperative outcomes after major vascular surgery. Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective study of patients who underwent major vascular surgery between December 2021 through August 2023. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 30 days of index operation or prior to hospital discharge. Multivariable models were used to examine the association between vaccination status and the primary outcome. Results: Of the total 85,424 patients included, 19161 (22.4%) were unvaccinated. Unvaccinated patients were younger compared to vaccinated patients (mean age 68.44 +/- 10.37 years vs 72.11 +/- 9.20 years, p <.001) and less likely to have comorbid conditions, including hypertension (87.2% vs 89.7%, p <.001), congestive heart failure (14.5% vs 15.9%, p <.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (35.7% vs 36.3, p <.001) and renal failure requiring hemodialysis (1.4% vs 1.7%, p = .005). After risk factor adjustment, vaccination was associated with decreased mortality (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.62 - 0.81, p <.0001). Stratification by procedure type demonstrated that vaccinated patients had decreased odds of mortality after open AAA (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.42-0.97, p = 0.03), EVAR (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.43-0.83, p 0.002), CAS (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.51-0.88, p = 0.004) and infra-inguinal lower extremity interventions (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.48-0.96, p = 0.03). Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination is associated with reduced perioperative mortality in patients undergoing vascular surgery. This association is most pronounced for patients undergoing aortic aneurysm repair, carotid stenting and infrainguinal bypass.