{"title":"Advancing ocean ecosystem conservation via property rights, rather than marine protected areas (MPAs)","authors":"Gary D. Libecap","doi":"10.1007/s40152-024-00358-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is demand to protect at-risk fish species and ecosystems. Property rights regimes can be superior to spatial controls via Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) for doing so. Empirical cases from Australia and the US indicate that MPAs are inequitable, too large and restrictive, and controversial. These conditions lead to resistance and political pushback, threatening long-term budgets and conservation goals. A critique of MPAs is presented along with a range of property rights arrangements–common, community, private—and Coasean bargaining as alternatives. Outlined benefits are a.) Rights holders have a stake in conservation and are central in its design. They are more than respondents. b). Costs/benefits can be more equally distributed, including direct payments that include both costs of transition and contribution to public goods provision. c.) Spatial set-asides confront tradeoffs and hence, are more apt to be economically sited and designed. d.) Modifications can occur more smoothly through market exchange than through the political process. Durable global conservation efforts can be enhanced.</p>","PeriodicalId":45628,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Maritime Studies","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-024-00358-0","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
There is demand to protect at-risk fish species and ecosystems. Property rights regimes can be superior to spatial controls via Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) for doing so. Empirical cases from Australia and the US indicate that MPAs are inequitable, too large and restrictive, and controversial. These conditions lead to resistance and political pushback, threatening long-term budgets and conservation goals. A critique of MPAs is presented along with a range of property rights arrangements–common, community, private—and Coasean bargaining as alternatives. Outlined benefits are a.) Rights holders have a stake in conservation and are central in its design. They are more than respondents. b). Costs/benefits can be more equally distributed, including direct payments that include both costs of transition and contribution to public goods provision. c.) Spatial set-asides confront tradeoffs and hence, are more apt to be economically sited and designed. d.) Modifications can occur more smoothly through market exchange than through the political process. Durable global conservation efforts can be enhanced.
人们需要保护濒危鱼类物种和生态系统。在这方面,产权制度可能优于通过海洋保护区(MPAs)进行的空间控制。澳大利亚和美国的经验案例表明,海洋保护区不公平、面积过大、限制性过强,而且存在争议。这些情况导致了抵制和政治反弹,威胁到长期预算和保护目标。本文对海洋保护区进行了批判,并提出了一系列产权安排--共同产权、社区产权、私有产权--以及科斯讨价还价法作为替代方案。概述的益处有 a) 权利持有人与保护工作息息相关,是保护设计的核心。他们不仅仅是回应者。)成本/收益可以更平等地分配,包括直接付款,其中包括过渡成本和对提供公共产品的贡献。 c) 空间预留面临权衡,因此更有可能以经济的方式选址和设计。)与政治程序相比,通过市场交换可以更顺利地进行修改。可以加强持久的全球保护工作。
期刊介绍:
Maritime Studies is an international peer-reviewed journal on the social dimensions of coastal and marine issues throughout the world. The journal is a venue for theoretical and empirical research relevant to a wide range of academic social science disciplines, including anthropology, sociology, geography, history and political science. Space is especially given to develop academic concepts and debate. We invite original research papers, reviews and viewpoints and welcome proposals for special issues that make a distinctive contribution to contemporary discussion around maritime and coastal use, development and governance. The journal provides a rigorous but constructive review process and rapid publication, and is accessible to new researchers, including postgraduate students and early career academics.