Geophysical electrical survey for aquifer detection, and carbon footprinting for groundwater abstraction in India

IF 2.1 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Anshul Tyagi, A. K. Haritash
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Abstract

Groundwater in India is a critical resource, particularly in semi-arid regions of the country like Rajasthan. The deteriorated quality of surface water has led to the over-exploitation of groundwater, resulting in the drying up of shallow wells and deepening of groundwater levels. The increasing demand for water and drilling cost for boreholes have generated a prior need for exploration, monitoring, and assessment of groundwater aquifers in water-scarce agriculture-intensive areas. Identifying suitable aquifers is important; however, the emissions associated with the extraction of water from these aquifers should not be overlooked as fuel-aided extraction is a significant source of carbon emissions. A geophysical investigation based on electrical resistivity imaging using the dipole–dipole configuration was conducted in the agricultural belt of Alwar district, Rajasthan to detect aquifer depth and its hydrogeological characteristics. Resistivity survey data indicate the presence of a shallow alluvial aquifer at a depth of 9 m. The resistivity of the aquifer ranges from 15 to 84 Ωm, indicating that the soil is saturated with water in its weathered layer with a thin clay layer surrounding the saturated water zones. The groundwater and surface water represent high chemical variability which depicts that groundwater has deep meteoric percolation and subsurface geology has played a key role in regulating the water quality. Further, it was observed that electric and diesel pumps contribute significantly to carbon footprint with the values ranging from 249 to 1476 kgC/ha-yr and 60 to 266 kgC/ha-yr, respectively. Solar pumps can be a sustainable option to meet the target toward decarbonization with no emissions involved. The study concludes that solar pumping of groundwater is an important intervention for decarbonisation in agriculture sector along with judicious management interventions, improved methods of irrigation, and sustainable use of groundwater to ensure water availability and environmental quality in the region.

Abstract Image

印度用于含水层探测的地球物理电测和地下水抽取的碳足迹分析
印度的地下水是一种重要资源,尤其是在拉贾斯坦邦等半干旱地区。地表水水质恶化导致地下水过度开采,造成浅井干涸,地下水位加深。对水的需求不断增加,钻井的成本也越来越高,因此在缺水的农业密集地区,首先需要对地下含水层进行勘探、监测和评估。确定合适的含水层非常重要;但是,从这些含水层中取水所产生的排放也不容忽视,因为燃料辅助开采是碳排放的重要来源。为了探测含水层的深度及其水文地质特征,我们在拉贾斯坦邦阿尔瓦尔地区的农业带利用偶极-偶极配置进行了基于电阻率成像的地球物理调查。含水层的电阻率范围在 15 至 84 Ωm 之间,表明土壤的风化层中含有饱和水,饱和水区周围有一层薄薄的粘土层。地下水和地表水的化学性质变化很大,说明地下水具有深层的流星渗流作用,地下地质在调节水质方面发挥了关键作用。此外,研究还发现,电泵和柴油泵对碳足迹的影响很大,分别为 249 至 1476 千克碳/公顷-年和 60 至 266 千克碳/公顷-年。太阳能水泵是实现去碳化目标的一种可持续选择,不涉及任何排放。研究得出结论,太阳能抽取地下水是农业部门去碳化的一项重要干预措施,同时还需要采取明智的管理干预措施、改进灌溉方法和可持续利用地下水,以确保该地区的水供应和环境质量。
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来源期刊
Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali
Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
10.00%
发文量
70
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Rendiconti is the interdisciplinary scientific journal of the Accademia dei Lincei, the Italian National Academy, situated in Rome, which publishes original articles in the fi elds of geosciences, envi ronmental sciences, and biological and biomedi cal sciences. Particular interest is accorded to papers dealing with modern trends in the natural sciences, with interdisciplinary relationships and with the roots and historical development of these disciplines.
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