{"title":"Tax Deduction Matters: Elasticities of the Laffer Curve, Taxable Income, and Tax Revenue","authors":"Hiroshi Gunji, Kazuki Hiraga, Kenji Miyazaki","doi":"10.1007/s11294-024-09887-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study uses a simple dynamic general equilibrium model to demonstrate that the tax deductions affect the three elasticities: that of the Laffer curve (the Laffer elasticity, hereafter), taxable income, and the tax revenue. This study first decomposes the Laffer elasticity, which consists of the elasticity of taxable income and the tax revenue elasticity. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, to quantitatively evaluate the importance of tax deductions, this study calculates the analytical solutions of these elasticities with respect to labor and capital income under the steady state in the general equilibrium model with exogenous deduction and a social security tax. Second, using Japanese data, this study conducts a numerical simulation with plausible parameter values. Furthermore, this study finds that the simulation results are consistent with the empirical literature on public finance: an unstable peak of the Laffer curve, a wide range of estimates for the elasticity of taxable income, and tax revenue elasticity greater than 1. The policy implication of these results is that tax rates that maximize tax revenues are unstable, depending on parameters and deductions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45656,"journal":{"name":"International Advances in Economic Research","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Advances in Economic Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-024-09887-0","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ECONOMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study uses a simple dynamic general equilibrium model to demonstrate that the tax deductions affect the three elasticities: that of the Laffer curve (the Laffer elasticity, hereafter), taxable income, and the tax revenue. This study first decomposes the Laffer elasticity, which consists of the elasticity of taxable income and the tax revenue elasticity. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, to quantitatively evaluate the importance of tax deductions, this study calculates the analytical solutions of these elasticities with respect to labor and capital income under the steady state in the general equilibrium model with exogenous deduction and a social security tax. Second, using Japanese data, this study conducts a numerical simulation with plausible parameter values. Furthermore, this study finds that the simulation results are consistent with the empirical literature on public finance: an unstable peak of the Laffer curve, a wide range of estimates for the elasticity of taxable income, and tax revenue elasticity greater than 1. The policy implication of these results is that tax rates that maximize tax revenues are unstable, depending on parameters and deductions.
期刊介绍:
International Advances in Economic Research (IAER) was established to promote the dissemination of economic and financial research within the international community. Founded in 1995 by the International Atlantic Economic Society, a need was identified to provide the latest research on today''s economic policies and tomorrow''s economic and financial conditions. Economists can no longer be concerned with professional developments only in their home country. Research by scholars in one country can easily have implications for other countries, yet often vital results are not shared. Economic restructuring in a shrinking world demands close analysis and careful interpretation. In IAER, authors from around the globe look at these issues, coming together in the cross-fertilization of multinational ideas. The journal provides economists, financial specialists, and scholars in related disciplines with much-needed opportunities to share their insights with worldwide colleagues. Policy-oriented, empirical, and theoretical research papers in all economic and financial areas are welcome, without regard to methodological preferences or school of thought. All manuscripts are submitted to a double-blind, peer review process.
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