Phosphorylation of chitin and chitosan: A review on its significance and various synthesis routes

Q2 Materials Science

Polymers from Renewable Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI:10.1177/20412479241227139

Geeta, Satish Kumar, Shivani, Shayoraj, Mohit Saini, Santosh Kumar Dubey

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Over the past few decades, chitin and chitosan, value-added biopolymers obtained majorly from seafood wastes, have been extensively evaluated and utilized for their application in plenty of domains such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, food processing industries, fuel cells, wastewater curing, and flame retardants. A vast number of physical, chemical, and enzymatic approaches have been followed to improve the biological activities, biocompatibility, and physicochemical properties of chitin and chitosan. Among the innumerable modifications, this article focuses primarily on the importance of phosphorylation, as it intensifies not only water solubility but also tissue regeneration, flame retardation, ionic conductivity, metal chelation, and drug-carrying abilities. Furthermore, the aim of this review is to thoroughly assess various techniques that involve the use of phosphorylating agents such as phosphoric acid, phosphorus acid, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentoxide, and the grafting method to synthesize phosphorylated derivatives of chitin and chitosan, so that a clear vision can be provided to the reader aimed at choosing a best-fit method for phosphorylation.

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甲壳素和壳聚糖的磷酸化：关于其意义和各种合成路线的综述

在过去的几十年里，甲壳素和壳聚糖这种主要从海产品废料中提取的高附加值生物聚合物在生物医学、制药、农业、食品加工业、燃料电池、废水固化和阻燃剂等众多领域的应用得到了广泛的评估和利用。为了提高甲壳素和壳聚糖的生物活性、生物相容性和理化特性，人们采用了大量的物理、化学和酶解方法。在众多改性方法中，本文主要关注磷酸化的重要性，因为磷酸化不仅能提高水溶性，还能增强组织再生、阻燃、离子导电、金属螯合和载药能力。此外，本综述旨在全面评估涉及使用磷酸、磷酸、氧氯化磷、五氧化二磷等磷酸化剂以及接枝法合成甲壳素和壳聚糖磷酸化衍生物的各种技术，以便为读者提供清晰的视野，从而选择最适合的磷酸化方法。

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来源期刊

Polymers from Renewable Resources Materials Science-Polymers and Plastics

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Polymers from Renewable Resources, launched in 2010, publishes leading peer reviewed research that is focused on the development of renewable polymers and their application in the production of industrial, consumer, and medical products. The progressive decline of fossil resources, together with the ongoing increases in oil prices, has initiated an increase in the search for alternatives based on renewable resources for the production of energy. The prevalence of petroleum and carbon based chemistry for the production of organic chemical goods has generated a variety of initiatives aimed at replacing fossil sources with renewable counterparts. In particular, major efforts are being conducted in polymer science and technology to prepare macromolecular materials based on renewable resources. Also gaining momentum is the utilisation of vegetable biomass either by the separation of its components and their development or after suitable chemical modification. This journal is a valuable addition to academic, research and industrial libraries, research institutions dealing with the use of natural resources and materials science and industrial laboratories concerned with polymer science.