{"title":"COVID and Vaccine-related Cerebral Venous Thrombosis","authors":"Shafaq Saleem, S. Hameed, Mohammad Wasay","doi":"10.1177/25166085241231640","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a major threat to global health. It primarily affects the respiratory system but multiple organs, including the nervous system, can be affected. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) has been reported among COVID-19 patients as well as among recipients of COVID vaccines. CVT often remains a diagnostic challenge due to highly variable clinical presentation. We underwent a thorough narrative review of the published literature from January 2020 to April 2023 in the Medline (PubMed) database. Our search led to 66 studies in total, 30 related to COVID-CVT and 36 related to COVID vaccine-CVT. We further looked for differences between these COVID-CVT and COVID vaccine-associated-CVT and their possible pathophysiology, treatment options, and prognosis. A few things that were highlighted during our search: COVID increases CVT risk and can happen without respiratory manifestations. COVID-CVT is more common in middle-aged men and has a higher morality compared to traditional non-COVID-CVT. COVID vaccines also increase the risk of CVT but less than the COVID infection. COVID vaccine-CVT is further divided into two groups having either normal platelets or low platelets. The latter group is better reported and has a higher inpatient mortality and disability at discharge but these patients usually recover well in the follow-up period. Non-heparin anticoagulation, immunomodulation, and surgery are the main treatment options.","PeriodicalId":93323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stroke medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of stroke medicine","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25166085241231640","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a major threat to global health. It primarily affects the respiratory system but multiple organs, including the nervous system, can be affected. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) has been reported among COVID-19 patients as well as among recipients of COVID vaccines. CVT often remains a diagnostic challenge due to highly variable clinical presentation. We underwent a thorough narrative review of the published literature from January 2020 to April 2023 in the Medline (PubMed) database. Our search led to 66 studies in total, 30 related to COVID-CVT and 36 related to COVID vaccine-CVT. We further looked for differences between these COVID-CVT and COVID vaccine-associated-CVT and their possible pathophysiology, treatment options, and prognosis. A few things that were highlighted during our search: COVID increases CVT risk and can happen without respiratory manifestations. COVID-CVT is more common in middle-aged men and has a higher morality compared to traditional non-COVID-CVT. COVID vaccines also increase the risk of CVT but less than the COVID infection. COVID vaccine-CVT is further divided into two groups having either normal platelets or low platelets. The latter group is better reported and has a higher inpatient mortality and disability at discharge but these patients usually recover well in the follow-up period. Non-heparin anticoagulation, immunomodulation, and surgery are the main treatment options.