Effect of the Season on Blood Changes of Oxidative Stress Index in the Italian Mediterranean Buffalo (Bubalis bubalis)

Veterinary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI:10.3390/vetsci11030116

Giovanna De Matteis, Susana Flores-Villalva, Emanuela Rossi, Maria Chiara La Mantia, Roberto Steri, V. Barile, D. Meo Zilio

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Abstract

Studies in cattle have shown that high temperatures increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing an imbalance between ROS and the ability of antioxidant systems to detoxify and remove the reactive intermediates. As such studies remain limited in buffalo, the effect of temperature on oxidative stress was investigated through the oxidative stress index (OSi). Blood samples were collected from 40 buffaloes over 12 time points distributed over two years (2021, 2022). Samples were taken monthly during the hot and cold seasons. Plasma free oxygen radicals were determined using the d-ROMs test (Diacron, Italy), modified for a microplate procedure, and the results were expressed in arbitrary Carratelli Units (U.CARR). Plasma antioxidants were determined by using the BAP test (Diacron) in a dedicated spectrophotometer (Carpe Diem Free, Diacron). The OSi parameter was calculated as d-ROMs/BAP × 100. Temperature and humidity were recorded daily during the trial to calculate the Temperature Humidity Index (THI). For statistical analysis, year and season and their interactions were included in the model. The results of this study showed for the first time the effect of season on the oxidative stress in buffalo. The minimum and maximum THI values for the hot and cold season recorded during the experimental period were 79.27 ± 2.20 and 63.42 ± 3.20, respectively. Levels of d-ROMs and BAP were affected by the seasons (133.0 vs. 145.1 U.CARR, p = 0.0189, and 2489.19 vs. 2392.43 mml/L, p = 0.033, in the hot and cold season, respectively). A significant year × season interaction was found both for d-ROMs and BAP (p = 0.06 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Moreover, OSi was affected by season, showing a growing trend from hot to cold season (5.35 vs. 6.17, p < 0.0001), but, interestingly, it was unaffected by annual variation. Therefore, Osi could be considered a better and independent marker of oxidative status in buffalo, with respect to the evaluation of single determinations of d-ROMs and BAP. Lastly, there were no differences in the plasma 25OHD levels between seasons; concentrations were 12.24 and 10.26 ng/mL in the hot and cold season, respectively.

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季节对意大利地中海水牛血液氧化应激指数变化的影响

对牛的研究表明，高温会增加活性氧（ROS）的产生，导致 ROS 与抗氧化系统解毒和清除活性中间产物的能力失衡。由于对水牛的此类研究仍然有限，因此我们通过氧化应激指数（OSi）来研究温度对氧化应激的影响。在两年（2021 年和 2022 年）内的 12 个时间点收集了 40 头水牛的血液样本。在炎热和寒冷季节，每月采集一次样本。血浆自由氧自由基的测定采用经微孔板程序修改的 d-ROMs 试验（意大利 Diacron 公司），结果以任意卡拉特利单位（U.CARR）表示。血浆抗氧化剂是在专用分光光度计（Carpe Diem Free, Diacron）中使用 BAP 测试（Diacron）测定的。OSi 参数的计算公式为 d-ROMs/BAP × 100。试验期间每天记录温度和湿度，以计算温度湿度指数（THI）。为了进行统计分析，模型中还包括年份和季节及其交互作用。研究结果首次显示了季节对水牛氧化应激的影响。在实验期间记录到的热季和冷季的最小和最大 THI 值分别为 79.27 ± 2.20 和 63.42 ± 3.20。d-ROMs 和 BAP 的水平受季节影响（在炎热和寒冷季节分别为 133.0 vs. 145.1 U.CARR，p = 0.0189；2489.19 vs. 2392.43 mml/L，p = 0.033）。d-ROMs 和 BAP 都存在明显的年份×季节交互作用（p = 0.06 和 p < 0.0001）。此外，OSi 也受季节影响，从热季到冷季呈上升趋势（5.35 vs. 6.17，p < 0.0001），但有趣的是，它不受年度变化的影响。因此，相对于 d-ROMs 和 BAP 的单一测定结果，Osi 可被视为水牛氧化状态的更好的独立标记物。最后，不同季节的血浆 25OHD 水平没有差异；热季和冷季的浓度分别为 12.24 和 10.26 纳克/毫升。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Veterinary Sciences

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